??????1????23?????????? (????? ????)??????23?,2024??(R&D)????????3.6???(???,???),??????????????????R&D????(R&D??GDP????)????????????

??????,2024??????????,?R&D?????36130?????????????,???????8.3%,????????????????

??????????????????????,2024?????????????????,??R&D??2.68%,?????0.1???????,?R&D??12?,?(2.11%),??(OECD)??(2.73%)?

?????,?????2024?????????????????,?????2497??????,???10.5%,?????R&D??????2.2??????;?????R&D???6.91%,?????0.14?????,???

?,??,??????????,???,??????????????????????????????,2024?????????????????R&D????????????,??,??????????????????(?) ??????:?????

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