?????75????(?????????)

????:?????????:????

??????????75?????????????????75???,???????????????????????,??????????????????,????,??,???????,?????

??????,??????????,??????????????????,2023???223?????GDP?89???????????????43.6??????????????……??????????75??,“?????”???????????????75??,???????“??????”????????????????????,?????????????????????,????

? ????

????????7.9%

????

?????,?????????????,????????????,????????????????????,?????????????1952????????679?????????,?????????1978?3679??????????;????????????,??,1986??????1???,2000???????????????????????????10??,2006???????????????????20?????????,???12??10???????????,2020???????????????????100??,2023???????????????126????,?????????????????????,2023????1952???????223????,??7.9%;??,19792023??????????8.9%,??????????????????3.0%???????????????

??GDP????????????8.9????

???????????????????

1952???????????,??GDP?????????????????????119?????????????,??????????,???????GDP??2019?????????????,???????GDP?70078??????????????????????????,?????????10158??????????,?1??;2023??????????89358??,??????????????????1952???89?????????,??6.5%,?12681?????????,?????????3??????????1.2??????????,2023??????????(GNI)???1.34???,???

??

?????

??????????,???????,????????????????????????1952?,????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%???????????????????,??????,??????

?,????????,????????,???????????,??2023??????????,????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%??????????,?9???????????1.3?,??????,???,???????????????????????????????????,??????????,??“???+”????????????

“????????????”?????22.4????

???

???????????,?????,???????,??????,????????????????????????????

20132023?,???????????8.7%?10.3%,????????,??????????????????????????5G????????????,“????”????????????????,????????????????????????

?????????2023?????????????,??????????421???????????????;???,???????????????

??????????,???????????????????????????????????,“???????”??2023??,???????????“?”??22.4????,???GDP???17.73%?

?

?????????????????

1949??????????2.2?????,??8.1?,???????75?,?,???????,?????????,?????????????????????

2023??????????????????,??????15.9??????????,???1949????6?,???4.5???????????,??????????????2/3?????????;??????????????544????????????,???????66?????????????,???18.4???????????????,???;????????12.8????,?????????????74.1%;???????????????????876??????,2023??1.7?,?????2016??10???????????,??????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????3.92?????????????

?????????????

1949?49.7??????????????1978???,??171??????????????????,??151??,????????????,??????????,??????????,??,??2023?,?????????39218????,????????????1949???76??,?6.0%;???26796?????????,??1956???36?,?5.5%?

?????????,????????????,????????2023??,??29.8%,??????????1978?34.1??????????;???????????????45.2%,????2013???????????????????5.5??????????,?,??????????2023?????????,???49.7???,?????????????????145.9???,?2013???2.9????????2.1??????

?????

????????????????

???,??????????????????????,???????????????

???,?????????????????,???????????????????????????????,?????????,??????????????,?,????????????

2023??????????,????????10.66????,???????????1989??10.09?;?????????????????2.44?????3.02?,??1994???????1.64???2.84????????,????????????,????????????,????

9899???

?????????

????,??????????????????????????????????????20??????????????5070??,??,??????????,??????????“?”??,?????????????????????,???????????

??????????,????,????????????????????????????8????????????,???????????????????2020???????????9899???,832???????,12.8????????????,??????????,???????????,????????10??«?2030????????»?????,?????????,???

?60%

?

??,????????????????????????????????????????,??,?????????????

2023???,????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;?????1.6??4542????????,???1949??????????6.4??103????,??(OECD)??

???????,?????,??2023???????????,???????????60%,?????????;??1982???????????8????11.05???,??????????????????????

?????????

?????????

1950?????????????,??????????11.3??,?1978?206????????????,?,2001????,????,????

??,??????????????,?????,??????????1978??????????????1%?????????2023????????12.4%,??7?????????????“?????????”??,??150???????????????30????????????????230??????????“?”?????????????????,??????????????????????25?????????????200????????,??“??????????????????”?

????

?

?,???,?????????????????????????????????????????,????,???????1999????????????,??????????????????????2012???,?,???4.9,?1952????????8.1?

?????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????20132023???????????,???6.9%?7.1%,?????????????????2023??,?????????????????46.7%?24.4%,????2012??????????2.9??????????0.9??????

???????????????????????46.3????????

???????????????

?????,???,??1956?“??”?,?????????????????????,??,???????,????????????????????????

?????????????,??????,?,???????????????????????????????????????????????????,??“?”,?????,?????11??????????,?????????????,????????????????2023??????????????,?????????,??????46.3??????????????

???????66%

????????

??,????1949???10.64%,1978?????????17.92%??????????,????????????????????????,???????2023???????????,??????9.3???????????,??????1978??????????????7.6???;???66.16%,?48.24??????

??????????,?????,????????,???????2023???,????48.3%,????2015?8.4?????????????????????,??,??????,?????????????????2012??????2.88:1???????2023?2.39:1?2023??,???????12.4:1,??2013?????1.4?2023??460??????????,??99%???????,??????????????????????????????14.4????

??3246???????????????6833??????????

????????????

1949??????????,??????,??????,?????,???2023??,??????????3246?????????????????????????????6833????,????????1949?????????????????????59???????????325???????????;???119????????????(????????)?

??????????,??,??,?????????,?????????????2022????????,????????????4.46%,????????2013?0.77???;???2012??888??????2023?1622???????????

??78.6??????????????????????????????

??

????,???????,???????????75???????,?,?,??2023???????,??????????????107??????????????????????????????,????????1017?????,????1249????

?????,?????????,??????,???????????2023?????????????,?13.34????????????,?????2018?95%?????????2023????????,?????????78.6?,???????1949?43.6??????????????,???

????24.02%

???

20???????????50?????????????,?????,???????????????,????,?“????”?????????2022?????????,????9014????????,?20????????????80??25?????30????????????;????18%,????????????????????????

????,“???????????????”??????24.02%?2023????????????,?????????(PM2.5)??????????2016?28.6%,????????????????21.6??????????????,???????????????????????????????,?????????“??????”???????“?????????????”,?????(??????????) ????:???