??,?????

2024 ???????????,????????????????????,??«????»(?????????????????????“?????????????”)??,???????????,????? 3 ???,?????,??????????????? 7.86%,???????????????????

?????,2018 ???? OECD(???)????????????? 3 ?????????? 33.8%??????????????,???????????,?????“???”????????????,???

????????????,????????????????“?????”???????????????,???????????????????

?,??????2025??????,????????“???????????????????”????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????

??,???????????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ??-3 ??????,????? 6 ??????????????????????;?????????????????????????????????????????;??????????????

?????2024 ??? 11 ??,?? 20 ?????????«?»??????????????,????,??????????????????????????

??3???

???????,?????????????????3???????????

???????????,2018???????,?????????3???????????,???????????????????,???????????????????????????2???????????????????92.1%?????????????,2??56.5%,1????????????????????????33.2%?

?????,??????????????“?????????????”,?????????????????????

??????????,2018?????????????????????????OECD ???3?? 33.8%????????,2024??????,??????????????3??7.86%?

?????????,?,????????????????????

«2019?????????????????»(???“2019????”)??6??????????????15-49 ?,??????????????27.6%??????????????????? 2016 ?,??? 1/3 ??2024?,??,??????????????3???????????

??,??????????????

“??,??????”

???,???????????Papi????????????,???????????????1????????3???????,??????“?????????”“???,?????????????”??

?????????2019????????????????,???????????

??????,?????,????????????????????????,?????,?,???

????,?????,??????????2019 ??,???????????????????,????????

??????????,??????2017??????????????????????????(???????????????????????)??0-3 ??????(??????????“??”???)?????,????,?????????????12%???

???????????????,???????2019??????,????,???????0-3???????????,?????????????????????????????????2.2%???????????????

????????,????????????????????????,????????????,?????????????????????,??????????????????????????

????????2024???????,2023????,???89.5%,???????(????)?????????????????????????1978?,???????????????5500?????????????????????,?????????,?????????,2023???????46.7%?

“(???????)???????,???,”?????????????,?????,????????????1???2???????????,??????????????

?????????????????2024??????12?,????0?????????????????????????????????1?????????????????????????????,??????1-2??1:3,????2-3????1:4?

??????????,???????????????,??????????????,??????????????????????????????,???

???????????????????,????????,???????2????????????????????,??????????????????,?????????,??????????????????????,???????????????????????,??????????????????????

?????????????????????

???????????,??,???????????????

2022?????????????CFPS??????????????????,10???????????,??,???

??????????????,???????2012????????????????2022??????????,??????????3??????????????6%??????????????,??????????????

????????,???,2022???????????????????????????????????3????58.7%?

????????,???,????

????????????????:????????,???

??2019?????,?????????????,??????3??????????????????????????“??”?

?,??,???

????????,????????,??????????????????????????,????

?20?50????70?????????,??????????,?????????????????,1954??????????????,????????????????????????????????4003????????,2670??????????,????????????????????,??????

???????,1950?????????,?????????????,?????????????

???,????????????????????????,1960????70%,???????

????????????,???????,1963???2975???????????????????????????

???????????,??,1984???????????

“??????”????????????????????????1955?????????,????????,?,?????????????????????????????,?????????????????,????????????????????????

??????,??,?,?????????????,?????????????????75%~85%,??90%?

?,??20??90???????

?????? 20??90??????????????????????,???????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???

??????????,?????????????,1981??,??????????????20??,???????????562???????????????????,??10.5??????????????????2022?,???30????,?1414?????

?21????,??????????????????? ??,???????,????????????????

?????????,??????,???

??????2015????,??????????“???”?,?????????2022??????????????,?????????????? ,????????,?????????????

???????,????????“?????”?????????????,??????“???????”?????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,2021??,??“?????”,?300???????????? ??????100?????????,????300??

??????????,?????????????,?????“??”“?????????????????”????????????????????????????“?????????????”??,????

??,????,??,??,?????????????????????????,??,?????????????,???

????????????«??»?,??????????????????20??????????????????????????????????,????????,?????,???????????????,????“??????????????”?,??????????????????????????????:“??,?????????”?(????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????) ????????????:???????????????

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