???????1?23????? (?? ?????)???23??,2024?????(R&D)??????3.6????(?,??????),????????R&D??(R&D?????GDP?????)???

??,2024??????,????R&D?????????????????36130??????,?8.3%,??????

?,2024????,?????R&D????????2.68%,??????????0.1????????????????????,???????R&D???12?????,???(2.11%),??????????(OECD)???(2.73%)?

??????????,??????2024?,????2497????,?????????????????10.5%,?????????????????R&D??????2.2??????????;??????????????????????R&D???6.91%,??0.14???????????,???????

?,?????,?,???,???????????????????????????????????????????,2024??R&D????,??????????,??????(????????????) ??:???

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??:???????????,??????????,??????????????