????:1???????:??95?98?

2???????????

3????????????

4??????????????

5?????????????

???????11??????????23????????? ???????????:???“??????????”???

??????????????????

???? ???????? ????? ??????????

“???”???????????????11???????18????20?????????????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)???????????“????????????????”???????????,?????,“?????????????”???,??,????????????????,????????“??”,????????,??????

?????:

???????????:??????

?????????????????????????????????:20??????????70????,?????????,??,??????,????????????????????,????????,???????“???????”?

???????(Thomas Berry),???“????”??????“??”?????,?????????(William Theodore de Bary)??,?????????????????(Carlton Hayes)?????????????

2024???????????????11???20?,“????????????????”?????????????????????????????????(????)?????? ????????? ????

????:?“?”????????????????????,??????????????????????

??????????????????????????:????????????“???????”“??????????”“????????????”????????????,“???????????”???????????????????????,???????“??,???????;??,???????????????”,???????“????”???????????

“?????????????????”?????,?????????????????????“?????????”,?????????“?”????,????,???????????,??????????,???“??????????”?????????“?”?????????????“?????”???????????????,?????,?????????“???”????????????

??,??,?????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????

??????????:?????“?????????????????”“??”“??????????”?????????,??????

??????????:??????????,??????????????“??????”,???“?????????????”,????????????????????“????????????????”????“??????????????????????????”???

?????,?,??????????,??,???????????????“???”???????????????,??,?????????????????????,??

????????????????????????:??

???????????:???,??????????????,????????????????????????????……???,???????????????“?????”??????

70??«???????»?????,????????????????,???????“??”?«?????????????????»,???????,???????????,??,??????????????,???????????????????,??????????????????,??

??????:???????????

??????????????:??,???????????????????,???????,?,????????,??,?????,???,????,???????

??,??,???????????????“??”?,?????“????”???????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????,????????????????????

2016????????,?????,???112??? ?? ???????????

?????????????????,?,???“??????????”?????,?????????????,?,??????????????????????,????“?”,????????????????(??)

??:

???????????????????? ?? ???

?????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),???????????????,?????????????????1997??????????????????,?????????????????«???????»«????????»??????«??»?

????:???