??,?“??”?????

????????:?????

??????????2025.2.17????1175?????????????«??????»???????

?????,???????????????

??????1????,?????????????

???????????????2022???4?????????????4???????,??,??,????????????S?????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????,???????????????????????,?????

????????????,???????????,?????????,??,????????,???????????????????,???????????????

3????,????????????,???????????????????????????????,??,??????????,??,?????????????,???????????,?????????????????????,????????????????????????????,????????????3.7???????

“??????????,????????”???«??????????????»???????????????????????,??,???

??

???????,???????“?????????”?????????

??1?????3??????????,????,???????????,???????????????,??????,?????????????????????????,????????????????,??????????,??????,????????,?????????

?????????????????????,????????,???????????,???????????“???????”?????????“?????????‘?????’??,???????????????????,??,?????????????????”???(?????????)?????«???»??????

2022??,?????,??????????????“??????????”???????????“??????”????????????????????,???????,???????,?????

???????,??,????????????????,??????????????????? “?”“???????????”??????????,????????????

“????????????????”??????,?????????????????,?????????????,??????????“??????????????”?????????????????,??,??????????????“????????????????”,??????,??,?????????

????12?,??????,????????????????,???????????????????,????????????????????????????,????????????,?7?????,?????????????????1012?????,???????????????

????????????,??,?????????????,?????????,???????????,????????????????,????????,????????

“?????????,????,??,????????”????????????????????????«?????????????»,???????????2013????????,????????,???????????????????,??,???????????

??,????????????,?????????????,??????????????????,??????????????,????????,?,?????????,?????????????????????

???????,??????????????????????????,???,??????,??????????????????,????????,?????????,?????????????,????????,???,???????????

?,??,????“??????????????,??,????????????????”??????,??????????,????????,????????????????????

????????????????????,??,???????,??????????????,??

?????,????,????,???????????,?????????????,?????????,??????,??????????????

????????1??????,??????????15???,????????????“?????????????”??????????????,???????????????????????

??????????,????????????????,???????,????????“??????”??,??????????“?”?“?,???????,?????????”??????«????????»?

????????

???????,??????“?????????????”?

“?????????????????????????,??????,????????”?????????????,??????????1996?????,?????????????,??????

??,?,????????????2001??,?????????????????????,???????????????????2013????????,????????????????,????,?????????,?,????????????????3?????????

“???????????????????”??????????????,21???????,?????????,?????????????????,2015???,???3???????,?????????“???????????”??????????

??????????????????43????????,????????????????????6.1%?????,???2025?????,???????????,????????3?????

“???????????,??????????”?????2023???????????????????,?????,????,????????,?????????,??????????????,????

????????,???«??????(?????)??»,?????“????????????????????????”???,?????????,?????????????????“???????????,5?????????????????????????,4????????,1??????????????????”??????

??????,?????????“????????????”???????????,?????,????????????????????????????????

??????????,????,??,????????????????????????????,???????

“????????,????????????????”???????????2012?,??????,???????????????????,???????,????

??????“???????????”?“???????????????????‘?????????’,???????????????,??????,????????”?????????,????,??????????????????????,“?????????????”?????????,???,????????????,??????,???????????????????

?2022?????????????????????????,???????????????,???????,????????????,?????????,?????,?????????????,???,????????,????????????????“????”?????????????????

“????????”???????????????,?,????????????????????????,??????,????,?????????,???????????????????,??????1???

?????????????????,??????????????????????????????????,??????????,?????????,??????????????????

????????????,??10???????????????????????????????,????????????????,???????????????????????,????????????2/3?????????????????????????????????????????????,?????

“?????????????????????????”?????,??????????,?????????,????“???????????”?????????????????????,????????,????????“?”??,???????????????????????

?????????

?????,??????1??????????????????,????????????,“????????”???????????

??,????7????????????,????“?”??????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????“????”,?,?????

??????????,????????????,????????????????????????“??????????????”???????????,????????????,???????,?????????,???,???????????????????????“??????????”,??“?????????????????????”??????????????????,“???????,???????????”?

???????,???????,??????,??????:??????

???????????????????????????12????????????,??????????????,???????“???????????,??????,?????????????????????1/6?”?????

????????,???????????????,???,??????????????????????????????????,???,??????????????????,?????????,?????????????????????,??,?????????,???????????,??????,????9??????,??????????

“??,????????,??????????,?????”??

???????????,???????????200?????????????????,??????300400???????,?????????????????????????,??????????,???????100%,?????????????????????????????????1????????????????????????1???????,????????????????

?,?,“???”?????????,??,????????,?????????????????????,??????????

“????????????10%?,??????????????,?????????????????????”???????,??

????????,?????????????????????,???????????,??,?????????,?????????????????,?????????????????????,“????,?????????????????”?

“????????,????????”???????????????????????????????????,?????1/10?“?????????????????????,??”

????????«????»,????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,????,?????????,?,?????????6????

????????,?????????????????,????????,????????????????????????????,???????????“??????????????????”,???????,????????????????????

“????????????????,????????????”?????????????????,??????,??“???”,?????????????“??????”?

??

??????????,????????????????

2003??????,?????????????????,????,????????????????????????60??????,?????40??????????????????????,??????????????,???????????,???????????????,??????,???????????????,???????

20????????50????,?,????????,???????????????,????????,??,??????????21???????????????????,??????,???????????????,????,?,???,?????????

?????14??,?????????,????????????????2008????????????,???????,?????????????????????????,??????????????????,???????????,?????????????????????????????,“????”??????????,????????????????,???????

“?????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????”????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????,?????????,???????

“????,???”????????????“?????”,?????????“???????????????”,??????,???,????,??????????????????

?????????????2013??,????????????,??????????????????????????,???????,???????????????????,??????????,??,????????????????????

“?????,?????????????”??????????????????,?????????????(SBINZ)???????,????????????????????,????????????,?????????1?,????????1?????????????????????????????????????????????,????,?????????????,??

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

“?????????”????????????,?(USSA)???????????(SIA)??????(NSAA)??????????(PSIA-AASI)????(NSP)????6??????????“?,??????????”

“????????????????????????”????,???????????,??????,????

“?????????????,??????????,????,??,??????????????”?????«????»?

(??????????????)

«???????????????»2025???????????5?????????

?????:?????«????»?????? ?????????:????????????????????????