??????:??????? ??????

????????????2??10????? ??:?????:???????????? ????????????

???????? ?????????????

???????,?????????????????“??????????????”????????“??????????????”?????,????,??????????(?????????????)?????????,????????????????,???????????????

?????????1890?????(?)???,???,??????????15????????,????,??????????,??????????19?????????????,??????????????“?????????”(???)?

?????????????“00??????????????????????”????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,?????????,???????????????,????????????????????????????????????

??????????????,“????,??????,??????”???????????????????????????????????5000????,???????????????……????

“??????????????,?,????????????????????,2023???,???”??,“???????,?????????”

??,?????24????,?????,????????,???,???,???????????????

?????,???????????1923???????????“???????”????????,???????????????,???,???????????????

????????????,?????????,???,???“???”???????????,1941?????????????????????????,???????????????????,????????????????????

????????,?????????,??????????????????????????,?????

1941??,??,????,???????,???????“??”,??1950??????10?????????1???????????,?????????,???????

???????,?,????????25?????????????????“???????????”????,?????????,???????

??????????????????,??????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????????,??????????,????????????????????,?????

1953????,????????,?,?????????,????????,??,??????????«?????????»,????“??????”?

1960?,???????????,???1962????3????????????,??,1963?????10???,?????

???????????,???????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????:“?????????????????????,?????????,????????!”“??,???????”?

???????????2?,???????,??????,???????,???????

?????????,???,????,?????????????????,“??????????????,1?????,?????????????,???????????????”(????????????????????)