?1??????23???? (??? ?)?????????????????23???,2024???(R&D)?????3.6????(??,?????),??????R&D?????(R&D?????GDP?????)???

?????,2024???????????????,??R&D??36130??????,?????8.3%,????????????

?,2024????,?????R&D?????????????2.68%,??0.1????????????????????,??????R&D?12?????,???(2.11%),??????????(OECD)?????(2.73%)?

???,???2024??????????,??2497?,??10.5%,??????R&D??????????????????????2.2?;?R&D???6.91%,??????0.14??????,??????

?????????????????,?????????????????,????,????,???????????????????????????????????????????????,2024??R&D??????,?????,????????(??) ???????????:????????

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