????:1???????100???:??????100?????

2???????????3000

3?????

4?????????

5????400?3????

??????1?????23???? (?? ?)???????????????23?,2024?(R&D)????3.6??(?????????????????,?????),??????R&D????????????(R&D?????GDP????)??

?????,2024????,????????R&D??????36130???????,?????????????????8.3%,????????

??,2024???,?????????????R&D?2.68%,??0.1??????????????,?????R&D??12???,???(2.11%),?(OECD)??????(2.73%)?

??,??????????????????2024??????????,?2497?????,??????10.5%,??????R&D??????????2.2???;????R&D??????6.91%,?????0.14??,???

???,????,???????????,??????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????,2024?R&D??????,?????,??????(??) ???????????????????????:???