????:1???98?:????????

2???????

3??????loft????

4????????????

5??????V

????????????????????????2?????????????13??????? (????? ??)???,?????????,????????,?????????????,??

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????13???????????????

?????????1967????,?????“??????????????”????????????,????????????,???????????????,???????????????

???????????????????,??????,??

???????????,??50GPa?????????????????????????,?????????????“????”????????????????????,?????????????????????????,????

???????????????????????,??????,???????????

???????????????,????????????,??????155±9GPa,???????????????40%???????,???????????????????????1100?,?????900??

????????,??1.2??????????????????????????,??????,??????????????????,??,???(????) ???:?????