?????????:?????(R&D)????????

??1????????23????? ????????,???,2024????????????????????,?????????????????(R&D)??????,???????????3.6??????????(R&D)??????,?????????????

??????????(R&D)????????

??????????????,???????,???????,?????????????????(R&D)???????????2024?,??????(R&D)?36130???,????????????8.3%,??????????,?????????

???????????????????(R&D)???????????????

????,2024???????????,???????????????(R&D)??????????(R&D????????GDP????????????)???????????2.68%,??????0.10??????????,??????“???????”?????,??????????????????????????????????,????(R&D)???12????,????(2.11%),??????????OECD????????(2.73%)?

??????????????

2024?????????,?2497?,???????????10.5%,?????(R&D)?2.2??????;????(R&D)????6.91%,??0.14?????,?????????????,???,?????????,????????????????????????

?,2024??(R&D)???,?,???????????????,?????,??????????????????????,?????????????,????,??,?????????????????? ??????:???????????????