???????????,?????????????????????

2024 ??,??,???«????»(?“?????????”)??,?,????????????? 3 ??,?????,???????? 7.86%,?????????????

????????????,2018 ? OECD(??)????????????? 3 ????????? 33.8%?????????????????????????,????????????,???“?”?????????????,??????????????

?????????????????,????“?????????”?????,????????????????????

??,???2025???????????????????????,??????????????????“????????????”???????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????

??????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ??????????????????-3 ???????????????,?? 6 ???????;???????????;??????????????????????????????

?????????????2024 ??????????? 11 ???????,????????????????? 20 ??«??»?????????,??????????,??????????????

???????????3????????????

?,?3???????????????????

??????????????????,2018?????????,???????????????????3??????????,????????????,??????????????2???92.1%???,2????56.5%,1???????33.2%?

????????????????,??????“??????????”,????????

???,2018???????????????????OECD ?????????3?? 33.8%????????????????????,2024?????????????,????3??7.86%?

???,???????,??????

«2019??????????»(????????????????“2019???”)????????????6?15-49 ?????????????,???????27.6%????????????????????????????????????????? 2016 ?????????????,????????? 1/3 ?????2024??????,?,?????3?????

??????????????,???????

“???????????,??????????????”

???????????????????????????????????,????????????????Papi????????????,??1??3??????,?????“?”“????,????”??????

???2019????????????,?????????

??,???,?????????,????,??,??????

??,???,???????????????????????2019 ?,???????????,??????

??????,???????????2017??????(??????????????????????????????????????)??????????????????0-3 ????(??“??”??)?,????????????????????,??12%???????????

?????????????????,??????????????2019??????,??,???0-3????????,?????2.2%??????????????????

??,??????,????????????????????????,????????????,??????????????????

?2024??,2023?????????????????????,???????89.5%,???(?????????????????????????????????)????????????????1978??????,??????5500???????????????,?,????????,2023???????46.7%?

“(???)??????????????????????????,???????,”????,????,???????1?????2??????,?????????

??????2024??12?,??0??????1?????,?????????????1-2???????????1:3,?????2-3?1:4?

??????????????????????????????,????????????????,????????,??????????????,???

????????,????????????????????,????????????2???,???????,?????????????????????,????,????????????????????,???

???

???,??,???????????????

2022?????????????????CFPS????????????????,10?????????????????????????,????????,??????????????????

???????????,???2012?????2022?????,????????????3??????????6%???????,???

????????????????,?????????????,2022??3?????????????58.7%?

???????,?????????????,???????????????????????

????:?????????????,??????????????

????2019????????,?,????????3???????????“???????????????????????”?

?,????????????,???????????????

??????,?,???????????,?????

?20????????????????????????50??70?,??????????????,?????????????????????,1954??,???????????????????????????4003?????,2670??????,??????????????,????

???????,1950???????????????????,?????????????????????,?????

??,??????????????,1960????70%,????????

?????,??????????????????,1963???????????????2975?????????????????

??????,???????,1984???

“??????????????”???????1955???????????????,?????????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????????,??,??????????????????????????????????????

????,??????,?,????,????????????????????75%~85%,????????90%?

?????????,??????????20????????????90????????

??????? 20????????????90??,???????????????,????????????????????????????,?????????

??????????????,???,1981????????????,??20?,?????????562?????,????????10.5??????????????2022?????,??????????30??????,???????????1414????????????

??21?????????,???????????????????? ?????,??,????????????????????

????????????,??????????,?????????

???????????2015?,?????????????“????”?????,??????????????????????????2022???????????,????????? ,??????????,????????

??????????????????,??“????”??,?????????????“??????????”???????????????,??????????????????????,2021?????????????????????????????,?“??”,???????????????300???? ????????100??????????????,??????????300?????????????????????????

?????,???????????????????????????,??????????“??”“??????”????????????????????????????????“??????”??????????,???

?????????????????,??????,?????????????,????,??????????????????????????,?????????,???????????????????,?????

?????????????????????«???»????????????????,??20??????????,??????,??,?????????????????,????????????“???????????????????????”??????????????????????????????,?????????????????????:“??,???????”?(??????????? ?? ????????????????? ?????????????? ???) ??????????????????????????:??????

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