????75?????(?????????)

????:??????v:??95?

??75???????????????????????????????75?????,?????,??????????????????????????????,?,????,?????????????????????,????????????

?????????????????????,???,??????????????????,2023??????????223??????????????????????GDP??????????89????43.6?????????????……??????????75???????????????,“??????????”?????75????????????????,?“??????????????????”?,?????????????????????????????,????????????

? ???????

?????????????7.9%

???

???,???????????,??????,?????????,????1952??????????????????679????,?1978??????????3679?????????;??????,??????????????,1986???1?????????,2000????10??,2006???????20?,??????????????????12??10???,2020??????????100????????????,2023????126??,??????????????,2023?1952?????????223????,??7.9%;???,19792023??????????8.9%,??3.0%???????

????GDP?????????????8.9?????

??????

1952????????????????,????????GDP????????119?????????????????,????????,??GDP???????????2019??????,????????????????GDP?70078??????,???????????10158????,???1??????????;2023????????????89358?,????1952???????89?,????6.5%,????????????12681?????,???????????3?1.2?????,2023??(GNI)??1.34?,???

?????????

????????

???,??,???????????1952??????????,?????????????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%????,???????,??

?,?,????????,?????,???????2023???????????,?????????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%??,??????????9?1.3?,???????????????????,????????????,????????????????????,?,?“?+”???????????

“????????????”?????????22.4????????????

???????????????????

???????,???????????,??????????????,???????????????????????,????????????????????????

20132023??,????????????8.7%?10.3%,???????????????????,???????????5G??????????????????????????????,“??”????????????,????????????

???2023????????????,?421???????;??,?????????

?????????????,???????????????????,“??????”??????????2023?????????,???????????“???????????”??????????????22.4??,???GDP???????17.73%?

??????????????

?

1949??????????2.2??????,????????????8.1??????????????,???????????????????????????75????,?????????,???,???????????????????,??????

2023???,??????15.9???????,????????????1949??????????6?,????????4.5????????,??????????????2/3??;?544????????????????,?66?????????????,?18.4?????????,???????;????????????12.8????????????,??74.1%;????876????????????????????????????????,2023??????????????????????????????1.7??????????,?????????????2016??????????10?????,??????,?????????????????????????????

???3.92????????

?

1949??49.7???????????1978????,?171????????????,?????151??,??????????????????,??????,??,??????,??2023??,????????????39218?????????????????,???????1949??????????????76??????????,??????????????6.0%;?????????????26796???????,????????1956????????36???????,????5.5%?

???,?????????????????,????2023????,??29.8%,???1978??????????34.1??????????;???????????45.2%,??????????2013?5.5?????????????????????????,????,??2023???????????,???????????????????49.7??????????,????145.9?????????,???????????????????????????2013??2.9???2.1??

???

????

????????????,????????????????????????,???????

??????,???????????????,????????????????????????,??????????,??????????????,???????????????????????,???

2023??,???????????10.66?,???????1989?????????????10.09???;??????????????????????2.44????????3.02??????????,?????????1994?1.64??????2.84????????????,??????,????????,???????

9899?????????

??

?????????,??????????????20????????????5070?,?,????????????????,???“?”??????????,?????????????????????????,???

???????????,?????,??????????????8????????????,??????????????????????????2020???????9899?????,832?????????????,12.8????????,??,????????,?????????10?????????«?????2030????»?????????????,??????????????,????????????

???60%

?????????

???????,??????????,??????????,?????

2023????????,????????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;??????????????1.6????4542????????,???1949?????????6.4????????????????????103???????,??(OECD)??

????????????,????????????,???????????2023??,??60%,?????????????;???1982??????????8?????11.05????,????????????????????????

?????

?????????

1950??????????,????11.3??????????,?1978?????206????????????????,???,2001?,????????,?????????

?????????,??????????????,??????????????????????????,???????????????1978????????1%???2023?12.4%,??7????“?????????????”?????????,??????????150??????????30???????????????????230??“????????”???,????????25???200?,????“?????”?

???????

?????

?,????????,????????????????????????????????,????????,????1999??,?????????????????????????2012?????????????,?????????????,???4.9,?????????1952?????8.1?

??,????????????????????????,??20132023???????????,???????????????6.9%?7.1%,??2023???????????,???????????????46.7%?24.4%,?????????2012???????????????2.9??????0.9???

??????46.3????????????

?????

??????????????????????,????,??????1956??????“??????????”??,?????????????,???,???????????????,???????????????

?????,???????????????????,??????,?????????????????????????????????????,????“???”,??????????????,?????11??,?,????????????2023????????????,?,??46.3????

?????????66%

?????

??,?????????1949???10.64%,1978???????????17.92%????????,????????????????,??2023??????,???????????????9.3?????????,?????1978???????????7.6?;?66.16%,?????????48.24??????????????

?,?????????,?????????????????,???2023????????,??????48.3%,????????????2015???8.4???????,???????,??????,?????2012?????????2.88:1????????????2023?????????????????????????????2.39:1?2023?,??????????12.4:1,???2013?????????1.4?2023????460?,??????????????????99%??????????,?14.4????????????

??????????3246?????????????????????????6833?

????????????????

1949??????????????,?????,????,??????????????????,?????2023??????????????????????????????,??3246????????????6833?,??????????1949?????????????59????325??;?????????????119?(?????)?

???,??,??,??,??2022??,??4.46%,????????2013????????????0.77?????;???????2012???888??????????2023????????1622??

?78.6???

????????

?????,???,???????????75??,?????,????????????????????,??????????2023????????,??107??????,??1017????????,???1249?????????

???,????,???????????,???2023????????,?13.34???????????????????,??????????2018????95%?????????????2023????,??????????78.6??????????,??????????????1949??43.6?,????????????

?????????????24.02%

???????

20?50???????,???,????????,??,????????????????“????”??2022???,???????????9014??????????,???????????????????????20?80????25???30????????????;???????????18%,??????????????????????

???????????,“??”???????24.02%?2023?????????,????(PM2.5)??2016????28.6%,??????????????????????????21.6??????????????????????????,?????????????????,?????“???????”????????“??”,???(??) ??????????:???