???1??????23???????????????????? ?,???????????,2024????????,??????????????(R&D)???,?3.6???????????????????????(R&D)????????????,??????????????????

?????????????????(R&D)?

????,??????????,??????????,???(R&D)???2024??????,??????(R&D)??????36130???,???????????????????????????8.3%,???????????????,???????

??????????(R&D)?????????????????

??,2024????,????????(R&D)?(R&D?????GDP?????)??????????2.68%,????????0.10?????????,??“???????????”?????,??????????????????????????,??(R&D)?12?,?????(2.11%),??????????????????????OECD?????????(2.73%)?

???????????

2024????,????????2497?????????????????,?10.5%,??(R&D)?????2.2???;??????????(R&D)??????????6.91%,???0.14??????????,?????????????????????????,???????,????,???????????????????????????????????????????

????,2024???????????????(R&D)????,????,?????????,??????????,???????????,??????,?????,???????,?? ???:??????

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??:???????????,??????????,??????????????