????:1????????498:???????

2??????200??

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4????????

5?????????

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?????????????“??????”?,??“??”,???“????????????”???

???1968?,????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????,?????????????????

?“?”,?????????????????,????67???????????????????2007?(Leonid Hurwicz),?,???????????90?????????????????2019??????(Esther Duflo),????????????46??????????????

??,????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????2009????(Elinor Ostrom)?

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?1969???????????????2024?????????????,????????56????????,???90???,????????????????

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1994?????“??????????”????????????«??????????»??????????2015????????,???????????????????????

2002????????????,???????????????????“??????????,??”????

?????:2018??????????

2018???,??????????????(William D. Nordhaus)?????????????????????????????(Paul M. Romer),?:“??????”?“?”?

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