????????????,???????

????:????28??????:????????

10?15?????????,??,????????????????????????,?????

??????????????????????,????1915?????10?????????????????????15????????,?109????????????????,????????????????????

“??????????”

??,????????,??????????????,?????,??????????????????,??????????????????????,??????????????,?????????,?????,??????????????????????????????

???,?????????,???????????????“????????”,“??”?

2001???7??????????????????????? ???????

?,????????????????????????????,??????????????????“????,??,??”?????????????????????,????????????!

2005???????1???? ??«“????????”?????????“??????????”»

????,??“???”,???????,??????,?????,??

2014???????????11????????????????????????? ???????????????

????,?????????????,??????????????,?????????????,??????????????,???????????,?????????,?????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????

2015??????????????????1? ??

??,?,???????????????????“??,?”?

2015????????6???? ??????????

?????????????,??????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,??

2021?????????9???? ???2021???????????????

????????????1950?????????????5????????????????,??????,?????????1????4700?????????,??“???????”?????????,??,???,????????????“???????????”?“?”,?????,?????????????????????????????????????,??????????1953???????????????7?????,?????????1????,???????,?,????????,???????????????????????????:“???????????,????????????????,????????!”????,??????

“??????,

?????????????????????????”

?????,?,???“????????????????”?

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?,??????????????

1949?,????,??????????,????????????????????????248?,???????????345?,????????????0.12%?????????,?????????????,?????

????,?????:“????????,?????”

1952????????????????????????,????,?????????,?????????“???????”,???400????

????412????,?????????????????????????????,?????

1955???????????,??,????????????????????????????,????,?????“??????????????????????????????”???????

? ?????????????????????????????,???????????

“???????,

??????????????!”

???????????,????????????:“?,?????!”

1958????3????????12??????????????????????,????????,???20????????????????,??

?????????,????????????????,??????????,???????????

??????,?????????,???????????????????????????,????:“?????,????????,???????????”

??????????,??????,??????????,???????,?????

?????????,???????????????????,?,?????????????????

? ?????????????

??????,???????14??????????,??????????20?60?????????????,?????????????7.3?????,????????412???????????????,??96%?????????????,?141????????“???????????????”,?????

??1980??????????????,???????????????1981???????????????1?????????????????????30???????????????,????????????,?66??

“??,

????????”

?????:“????,???????,????????????????,????,??????????????,?!”

? ???

?????????,??

??,???????;???????????????????????????,?????????“??”,???????????33??;???????,??5????“?”????????????????????????????,????,?????????,????????

? ??????

?,??????????????,???????????????????????????????,???

“?,?????”,???????????

1999???,????2004????????????????2?,????????,???????????????????“????”“???”?

?????????????????,??????????????????,???????,??,????,??????

?????!

?????????:????