????:1??????:98?????

2??????????

3???????????

4????????????

5????????????

?10??????????14????(???????????)2024?????????“??”????????????????10????14???????????,2024?,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson?????James A. Robinson????????????

“??”?

?????????????“??”?????????????,??????“??”,??????“??????????”???

??????????????????1968????,???????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????????

?????“???????????????”,???????????????,???67???2007?????(Leonid Hurwicz),??????????,????????????????90???????????2019????(Esther Duflo),??46???????

?????,?????????????????????,???????????????????????2009???(Elinor Ostrom)?

??:?????????????????????????

??“????????”?

???????1969???2024?????????????????,??????????56???????,???????????????90??????????????????????????????????,?????????????????

“??????????,???????????????,??”????????????????????????

1994??????????????“?”????«??????????»????????????????2015????????,????????????????????

2002????????????,??????????????“??????????,??????”?????????

??????:2018???????

2018????,?????????????????????????????(William D. Nordhaus)??????????????????(Paul M. Romer),????:“?”?“???????????????”?

???????,?,???????????????????????????,????????????????????

????

??????,???????????????????????????,??????“????????????”,“????????”?

2017?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(Richard Thaler)????????“?????”??????????????,??????????????,????,????????????,?,???

??,?????????????

??,??7??????????????????,????500???????????5?????????????,???

????:2019????????????,?????

2019???,???????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????,???????????,????????,??

“2019???????????????????????,?????,??????????”????????????(????????)

??:??