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??10??2?? (???????? ???)?????????2???«2023??»??,2023??(R&D)?????????????3.3???(?????,?),???33357.1??,??8.4%,?????“??????”???????“???7%?”???????

?????????R&D??????2012????1??????????,2019?????2???,2022???????3???????,??R&D??,????????

???????????????,2023??R&D?(R&D???GDP??)?????2.65%,????0.09?????????,????“???????”??0.02?,??????????R&D?????12??,???(OECD)????????(2.73%)?

????????????????????R&D??2023????,???R&D??????25922.2????3856.3???2753.3???,??????8.6%?1.1%?????14.1%???????????????,???R&D?77.7%,??2022??0.1?,??(79.0%)??(79.4%),?(67.4%)???(65.8%)????

?????????R&D???????,2023?????????????????2259.1??????????????3661.5?27436.5????,???11.6%?5.1%??????8.5%?????????,?????R&D??????6.77%,???????(??) ??????:?????