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2?????????

3????????

4???????150???

5??????????

???????????????7????????????????????????4? ??:??38??????

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???????:?????????????????????????38?:???:???????

????????15???????,?????????,?????????,?????????????,??????????,?????

20?60??,???????????????“???????????”????????????,???1986??,30???????????38?????????????,???????????????????????,??????

???????????????????,????????????????????“?”“???????????????”????,???????????,“??????????,??”????????

2024????????????5??,????????????? ???????? ???????

????????

??????????????,11??????,??????????????????????????,????????????????????“??????????????????”?????????????,“?????????????”???????????

???????????,??1987??????????????«??????»?

“????‘????’,??????‘????????????’?”20?????80?,?,100?????????“??!”??????????????????“????????”?

???,?????????,???????1986?????????????,???????

????????,??“?????????????????????????”??????????????,???????

1987???????????,??????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????,??78????????,??2470???????

???????????,??????????????????,?????????«?»?????,??,????

?????????“????”

???????????,?????????????,???????????????????????1909????«??????????????»,?????????????????350???????????,????????100??????????????????????????????????,?????????????“?????????????”???????????????

1987?????,??,????(??)

??,“????,?????????,?????????,??”?

??????????????????????????,?????“????,??”????,???????????????,?????

?,???????,????,??????????????????

????????????????,??????????????????????????,????????????????,2003??????????????????,???????“???? ???”?????????,??,???

???????????????“????”

???????????????????,??,??1997?????,????,?100????????,?“??”?????????

“??????????,????????????!”?,???,??,???????

?????????,??????;??“??????”????400??,????10??????……???????????????????????,????????2000?????,??,?????????????????,????,?????????????????????,????,???????????????????

?????????????,????????????????????……?????????,???????????????????????

2001????,????“??????????????????????”,???????

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??“?”

“??,???????????????,???????????????????????”??,??????????

???????????,??????“??????”,???????????????????????????2022??2023??,3842????520??????????????????,????????????????????151??????????????,????????????

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2024??????6??,???????????? ??????????? ?????????????????

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????,???????30?????????,?“??100”???????,?????100??,???????“?????????????????,????????????”??

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??????,???????????????,????????????????????????????,“??????????,????????????,?”?

“??????????,????????????????,????,??????”??????????????????(????)

????????:

?????????????????????????????(William Lindesay),?????,??,?????????????????,?????«???»«???????:??»«???? ???????????»??????????????????,?????1998?;2006????;2008?????“??”?

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