?????????????

????:??????:????9598?

???

?????????

??????? ?????????????????

??????????????????????????????

??,????????????,??????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????1939???????,????????1963???????,1985??????????,????

2024??2??????????3??????????????,“??????????????????????01??????????”??????????????????520??,?????????????????????,???????????,??????,???

????????????????“???????????”?????????,?????????????????“??????????2030?????????,‘???’???????????200?????????????????????????”????(?,????????????),????????“??????????????????????????”??????????,?????????????????????????

????????,??

??????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????40?????????????,???????????????????,????,?,??????“???”???????????????

??????????????,??????:???????????????????1982????????????????????????????,??“???????”;1985???????????????,????????

????????????????????,??????????????1985?????2?,????????,3??????????????,????????

????????(???????,2000????)??????1955????5???????????????????????80??????????????,????????????

????,???????«?????»???«????????????????»,??????????????«???????????????»?????

?????????????????,????,???????????,?????????????????“?????????GNSS(????????)????????”,?????????????“GNSS????????”??,????????

??,?????????,?????

?,?????????????

????,??????????????????????,?????????,???????????????

“?????????????,??????”??????“????”??????????,??????????????,?????????

???????????????,????????????,?????????“?”?300?3?????????5??????????????????????,??????9000???????1:5??????????,??????????????????

2003???????????,????,?????????????:“?????????5?????????????10??,?????????????????”2006????????????????,?????«????????(20062020??)»,2010????????

“???????,???”???????????????????????????10??????????????,???????????????,????????,??????????????????

???,????,??????“?,?????????”,??????????????????????????????,????????,??,?????

“??????”????????“????,?????????????,???????‘??????????????????????????????????????????’???????????????‘??????????’,?????????”?????????????

???????????????,???????????????

??????????,????????????????,???????????????????

2014?????????????????,???????????,????10???,?,19???,????

“??????,????????????????????,???????????????????????”????????

?????,?????????“????;??????????,?????????????????????????;?,????……”?????????,???????????

???,???????,????«?????????????????????»?1997???????????????????????9????,7???????,???20????

??????,????????“??????”:“?????????????,????????”?????????,????,??????????,“?????????,??……”

2022?,????????,?10??????????????????????????,?300????????????

“????,?,??????”??????,“?????????????????????,???,????????????????,???????????,???????”

??

???????

?????????????? ???????????

??

?????????,????????,????????????????????????????1963??????,???????1984?,1994???????????????,?????????

????7?????????????????11???????????????????????,?,??(????,???)???????30???????

????????????,???????????,??????????????????????????????,?????????,??????,????????????????????????????

????,???????????“?,?????????????,???????????????”?????????????????????

“?,??????‘???????????????0?????????1’????????????????????????”

“????????,????????????‘??????0?????1’??????????????????????”,??????

???????????,????????????????????,??????????????????????

?????????2009????,??,?????????????????,????????,????,???????

????,????????????

?????1000??????,2012?,????????131?????,???2013???,?????????????????«??»?????,?????????????“?????????”?

?????????,????????,?????????

2005???,?????????????????????????????????????????????????8???????????????2012????,????????????????????,??,?????????????????,?????????????

???????2017????,????????????????????,??????????????;2018????????????,???,???????……

??????????,???????????,??????“???,???????????????”????????

“???,?????????????????,???????????????”

?????????,??????????????

??,????,??????????????5?????,????????????????,4????????????????????,?????????????????????1000????????????

????????????,????????????????????????,????“??????????”,???

2012????????????????????,??????????,?????????????,?????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,????????????,“???????????????”?

????????????,?????????????????????????“?????????”????????????,????????????????,???,??????3??????????????????,??1000???????????????????,?????????????,???????????,???,?????????????????

????????????????????????,??????????????????,??????,????????,“????????????????”??????????????????,??????????????,?????????????????????????????????3????,????1987?????,???,??

????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,?????????,??????????????????????????????????,“??????????,??”??????????????,????????????????????????

?????????????????????,????????????2013????????????,2020????????????????……???????????????????????????????,???????????????,???????????“??????,???????????,??????????????????????????????”????????????????

“???????????????,????”

???????????,???????????????,??????????????,???

???,???,????????????????,??????????

???????????,?????,?;??????,????,?????????“????????”?

??,???“???????”???,??,???????,????,?????“??????????????????”,???

????????????,????,????,???,???????????????????????????

????????,????,???????,???????????????????????,?????????????????;????,???,??????????????,?1????????????,30????????????

????????,2023?10?????????,??,???????????????????????????1953?????????,?????????????,????????????????????????,???2018?????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????,???????????

“???????????,?????????”??????,???????????????,??????,“??,???????????????”(?????????????) ???????????:????????????