????:1????????????:??????

2?????95?

3???????????

4???????

5??????24????

?1?23? (????? ???????)??????????23???????,2024??????(R&D)??3.6??????(??,??????),??????????????????R&D????(R&D?GDP?????)???

????????,2024?????,???R&D???36130????,???8.3%,???

??????,2024????,?????R&D????2.68%,???????????????0.1?????????????,??R&D??????12?????????????????,?????????????????(2.11%),???(OECD)???(2.73%)?

?????,??????2024?????,??????????2497???,???????????10.5%,?????R&D??????????2.2?;?????????????????R&D?6.91%,??0.14??,?????

??????????????????????,?????,??????,?????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,2024?R&D?????,????,??(??????????) ???:???