????:1?95?98??????:??????

2?????????

3???????????

4?????????

5???spa

??????????????2?????13????????????????????????? (????????? ??????????????????????????)?????,???,??????,???

??????????????????????????????????????13??????,???????????,????155±9GPa,???????40%??,?????????????1100?,???????????????????????900??

???????????????1967????,??“???????”????????,??,????????????,??????????

?,???????????,?????????????50GPa????,?????????????????“???”?????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,?????????

???????????????????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????

??,??????????????1.2?????????????????,??????????????????,???,????,???????(???????????????) ???????????:???????????????????