????:1??????150??:????????

2??????

3????????????

4??????

5?????

?11????????????????23??????? ??:????????“?”?????????

???????????????????????

??????? ????? ??????????????? ?

“??”?11???????18???????20??????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)????“?????????”?????????????????????????,?????????,“??????????”??????????,??,????????????????????,????????????????????????“??????”,???????????,??????????????

??????????:

?:??????

?????????:20??70???,??????????????,?????,????????????????????????????????,????????,?????,?????????????“???”?

?????????????(Thomas Berry),???????“??”???????????????????“?????????????????????”?????????????,????(William Theodore de Bary)????,??????????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)?????

2024?????????????????????11??????????20????????????,“????”??????????????????????????????????????(??)????? ??? ??????

????:?????“??”???????????,???

?????????????????????????????????:?????????????“???????????”“?????????”“??????????????????”?????,“????????????????”??????????????????,??“?????,??;????,????”,?????“??????”???

“??????”??,????“????????”,????????“?????????”???,???,?,????????????,????“???”???“???”?????????“??”????,?????,??????????“????????????”?????????

?????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????????? ? ???

???:??“????”“??”“??????????”??????????,???????

?????????????????????????:????????????????,????????????????????????“????”,???????????????????“??????”,???????“???????????????”???????????????“???????”??????????????????

?,?,????,?????,?????????????????“?????”?????,???,???????,??

??:?????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????:???,??,???????????????????????????????????????????……?????????????,??“???????????”???

70?????«???????????»?????,???????????????,??“????”??«??»,??????????????,????????,?????,???????,?,??????????????,????

??:?????

???????????????????????????:????,???????,?????????????????,??,????????,????,???,?,????????,????

????????????????,?,????????“??????”???,???“??????”?,?????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????

2016??????????????????,??????????,??112????????????????????? ?????????? ???

??????????,???????????,??????????????“????????”?????????????????????????????,?,??????????????,????????????????,??“????????????????”,???(??????????????????????????)

???:

????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ??

???????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),?,??????????????1997?????????????????,???????????????????«??»«????»???«?????????»?

????????????:????????