????????:??????,??“?”?“???”???

????:????????:???400??

?11?????????????28??? ??????:???????,???????“??”??“?”??????????????????

??????(John Grim)

????? ?

“?????”????,?????(John Grim)??“???????”?,??????????“??”????“??????????????”??,?????,????????????“???????????”??,??

???????????:????????????????????????:“????”??:???????????

????????????:

????:???

????????????????????????????????:?????????,???????,?????????????????????,???,?????,??

????????????????,????“?????”????????????????“?????”?????????,?????,??,??????????????????????“??”,????????????????????,????????????????,???,?????????,???

10?????????????11??,??(2024)????????????????????,?????????????????????,???????????????????????????????? ??? ??????????????  

???“????”??????,???????????????????????,??????????????????,?;?????????????????????????????????????,????,?????????,?????????

??????????:??,???“??????????”“???????????”“?????????????”???????????????,??????????????????“????????????????”???????????????????????????????????

???????:??????????????“??”“?????????”“???”???????????,??,?“??”?“?????”??,???????????,????????“????????”????????“???”(Cosmovisions)???????????????????

???“??”(Lifeway)???????????????,????????“????”??????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????……???????,??,??,???,????

“???????????”??????????????“??”???????????,??????“?????????????????????”???????????,?????????????……?????“??”?????????????????,????????????????????

?,??“????????????”,???,???????????????,??????????,??????????“??????????”,????“?”????????????????,???,??,???????????????????,?“??”“???”,????????????????????????????,?????????????????

(????????)?????????? ? ???????????  

???:???

???????????:????,??????????,??????????????????,????????????????,????,?????????????????????????,???????????

2024????????????11????????????????????18?????????????20?????????????????,“????????????????”???????????????????????????????????????  

???:???????????,?????????“????????????????”????????“?????????”?

????????????????????????????:?????????????,?????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,?(environmental ethics)?,??????????????“??????????????????????”??????????????????????,??????????,??????????????(???????????)

????????????:

?????•???(John Grim)??????“??”?????????? ? ????????????????????

?????(John Grim),???????,???????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????(Thomas Berry)????,?????40????????????????«????:??»(The Shaman: Pattern of Religions Healing Among the Ojibway Indians),??«????:??????????????»(Living Earth Community: Multiple Ways of Being and Knowing)?????

??:???????????????????????????