???????????????3????

??

?????,???????????

2024 ???????,????,????????«??????»(????????????????????????“??”)?????????????????????????????,??,??? 3 ????,??????????????,????????????? 7.86%,?????

????????????,2018 ???? OECD(???)??????????? 3 ???????????? 33.8%???????,??,??“????????????”??,????

??????,?“?”?,??????????????????

???????,????????????2025??,???????????????????“??”?????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????

????,?????????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ??-3 ??,????? 6 ??????;??????????????????;????????????????????

????????2024 ????????????? 11 ??????,?????????????????????? 20 ???????«?????????»?????????,??????,???????????

??????????3??????

????????????,??????3???????

??,2018?????,???????3??,?????????????????????????????,?????2??92.1%???,2????????56.5%,1????33.2%?

?,???????????????????“?????????”,??????????????

?????????????????????,2018????OECD ????????????????3??? 33.8%??,2024??,??????????????3?????????????????7.86%?

???????????,?????,??????????????

«2019????»(?“2019???????”)??????????6??15-49 ?????,?????????27.6%????????? 2016 ??????????,?????????????? 1/3 ??????????2024???????????????????????,???????????????,????????3????????????

?????,??????????????????????

“?????????,????????????????????????”

??????,??????????Papi??????????????????????????,??????1?????????????????????????3??????????,????????????“??????????????????”“??,????????”???

???????????????????????2019?????????????,??????????????????????

?????????????,?????????????,???????????????,????,??,??????????????????????????????????

?????????????????,???,?????????????2019 ??,???????????????,????????

????????????????,?????????????????2017???????????(??????????????????????????)?0-3 ?????(??“?????”???????)????????????,?,?12%??????

???????????????,?2019?,?????????????????????????,?????0-3?????????????,???????2.2%???

?????,?????????????????,????????????????????????????????????,????????,???????

?2024???????,2023?,??89.5%,?????(????????)???????????1978????????????,??????5500?????????????????????,???,??????????????,2023??46.7%?

“(?????????????)???????,?,”???,??,????1?????2?,???????

????????2024??12?,?0?1????????????,???????????1-2??????????1:3,??????????????2-3????1:4?

??????????????????????,??,??,?????????,??

?,??????????????????????,????????????2????????????,??????????,?????,??????????,???????????????????????,?????

???????????

???????,??,????????????

2022??????????CFPS??????????????????,10??????,???,??????????????????

??,??????2012?????????????2022?????,???????3?????????????????????????????????6%??,?????????

???????,??????????????,2022??3????58.7%?

?,???????????,?????????

???:?????????????,?????????????????????

??2019???,????????????,????3???????????????“?????”?

????,??????????????????????????????,???????????????????????

???,??????????,???????????,???

?????????????????20????????50????????70???????,???????????,?????????????????????,1954????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????4003?,2670??????????????,???,???????????????

???,1950??,?????????????,???

???????????????,???????????,1960???????70%,???

??????????,?????????????,1963????2975???????????

?????,??????,1984?????

“???????????”??????????1955????????????????,?????????????????????,???,???????????????????????,????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????

??,??????????????,???????????????????,???,??????75%~85%,?????????????????90%?

?????????????????????,???20??90???????????????

?????????? 20??90?????????????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????????????,???????????????

??,???????????????,1981??????,??20?????,?????????????562??,???????????10.5??????2022?????????????????????,?????????30??,?????????1414????????????????

????21????????????,?????????????????? ????,?????????,????????????????????????

??????????????,????????????????,???????

????????????2015???????,??????“?????????????”?,?????2022???,?????????????????? ,?????????????????,?????????????????

?????,??????????????“?????????????”??????????????????,???????????????????“??”?????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,2021?????????,???????????????????“???????????”,????????????????300????????????? ?????????????100?,???300????????

???????????,???,?“???????????????????????????”“?????????”???????????????“?????????”??,?????????????????

??????????????,????????????????,????????????????????,??,?????????????????????????????,?????????????,??????????,????

?????????????«?????????»??,?20????????,??????????,????????????,??????,???????????????????????“?????????????????????????”?????????,??????????????????????????????:“???,????”?(???????????? ? ??????????????? ???????? ?) ???:??????

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