???????????????3????

??

??????????????,???????

2024 ????????????????,???????,?????????????????????«???????»(????????“????????????????”)????,???????????,??????????????????? 3 ?????????????,?????????????,?????? 7.86%,????

??????,2018 ??????????? OECD(??)??? 3 ?? 33.8%???,?????,?????????“?”?,???????????????????

?????????????,?????????????“??”?????????????,?????????????????

??????????,??????????????2025??,????????“??????????”????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????

????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ???????-3 ???????????????,??????? 6 ?????????????????????;??????????;?????????????????????

?????2024 ??????? 11 ?????????????,?????? 20 ??????????«???»?????,?,??????

????????????3?

????,??????????3?????????

???????????????????,2018??????,??????????????3?,??????????????????,????????????2??92.1%???????????????????????,2??????56.5%,1???????????33.2%?

??????,?????????????“??”,???????????

??????,2018??OECD ??3?????? 33.8%???????????????????,2024?????,????????3???????????????????7.86%?

?????????????,??,??????????????????????

«2019??»(??“2019????”)?????????6??????15-49 ????????????,????????????27.6%??????????????? 2016 ??,????????????????????? 1/3 ?????????????2024?????,??,???3?????

??????,???????????????????????????

“??,???????”

????????????????,???Papi???????????,???????????1????????????3??????????????,????????“????????????????”“??,?????”????????

??????????????2019???,???????????????????????

?????????,??????????????????,???????,?,?,???????????

?,??????????????,?????????2019 ????????????????,??????????????,??

??,???????2017??????????(?????????????????????????????????????????????)????????????????0-3 ????????????????(????“?????????????”????????????????????????)????????,?????????????,???12%??????

???????????????,??????2019??,??,???????0-3???,???????????2.2%?????????????

??????????????????????,???,????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????

??????????????????????????????2024?????,2023??,???????????89.5%,???????????????????????(?????)????????1978???,??????????????5500???????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????,???,2023?????????????46.7%?

“(????)??????,???????????????????,”?????????,????,???????1????????2?,??????????

???2024??12???????,??????0?????1????????????????????????????????,?????????????1-2????1:3,?2-3??1:4?

??????,???????,?????????,?????,??????

?,??????????????????????,?2?,???????????????,??,????????????,????????????????????,???

?????????????

?????,??????,???????

2022???CFPS??,10?????,???????,???

???????,????2012???????????????????2022??????,?????3??6%????????????????,????????

?????????????????????????,??,2022??????????3?????58.7%?

??????,?????????????????,????????

??:??,??????

????????????????????2019??????????????,???????????,??????????3???????????????“????”?

???????????????????????,????????????,???????????????

?,????????????????,?????????????????????????,????

????20??????50????70?????????????????,????????,???????????????????????????????,1954??????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????4003?????????????,2670????????????????????,??????,???????

?,1950???????,??,??????????

???????????????????,???????????????????,1960??70%,???

???????????,??????????????????????????,1963??????????2975???????????????????????????????????????????????

??????,???????????,1984??????

“????????????”???????????1955??????????????,?,???????????????????????????,????,????????????????????,??????????????????????????????

?????,???????????????,?????????????,??,?????????75%~85%,?90%?

????,?????20?????90????????

? 20????90??,????????????????????,???????????,??????????????????

??????????,???,1981???,????????20??,??562??,????10.5?????????????????????2022?,??????????????????????30?,???????????????1414??

?????????21??????????????????,?????????????? ???????????,????,??????????????????

???,?????????,??????????

?????????2015?????????,??????“??????????????”????????????????????????,?????2022??????????,? ,????????????,?????????

??????,?????????????????????????????????“???????????”???????,??????“????”???????,?????????????????????,2021??????????????,?????????????????????????“???”,??300?????????????????? ?????????100???????,????300???????????????

??,???????????????,?????????????“???”“????????????????”?????“????????”????????????,??

??,???????????,???,????????,????????????????????,????,???,?????????????

?«??????????»????,???20?????????????????????,??,???????????,???????????????????,????“??????????????”??????????????,??????????:“???????,?????????????????”?(????? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????????????????????) ???:?????????

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????????????????????3?????????

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