????:1???????:?????150?????

2?????????

3??????

4?2023???????

5???????????

?????????????,??????40????,??????????????????«????»«???????????????????»??????,????????????????????????;???????“??????”????????,???????????????????2024??????????????????(John Ross)??,??

“????????????”

????????????,????????20??70??????????????,??????????“???,????,????????????,??????????????”??,??????,????????????????,???????????????????????

?????????,?????????????????,???????????,??,???????????????????????“???????????????,???????????????????,???????????????”??,????????1/5,????????,??

?????,????????2005??????????????,?;2009??????????????,???????;2013?,????????????????????,??

“?????????????????,?????”????????????????,????,??????????????????

???????????,???????????,?????????,??,?????,?????????????????????,?«???????????»,?????????“2018????????????????”?2023????????????????,???????????????

“????,???????????,????”????,??,?????????????????9???????????,?????2024????????

“?????????”

“??,????,?????”???????,??????????,????????????

??????????“??????????????”,????????40????????????????,?????????????19???????????????????????????????????,?????“????????????????”???????????,????????

?????????????,???????????????????,????????“?????????????????????,???”???????????????,??????????,???????,??????????????,???????

???????????????,??????????????:“????,????,?????????????????”??,???????,??,????????????????,???????

?????????????,?????????????????“???????????”???,???,“?????????,????????????????”?????????????????????????,????“??(Learning from China)”??,????????????????????,???????????????????“?????”?????

“????????,????”

?????????,?????????,??,?????????,?????????????

“??”???,???????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????

2020?????????????,?????????????????“??‘????????????????????’”????????????????????,???“???????????????”?????????,????????????,???????????,???????????????

???????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????,????“?????????”??????,???????????

“???????????????”???????,???,?????????????“????????,??,??????”

??,???,????,??????????????,????“????‘?????????????????’?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????”

“???,????”??????????????,?????????????,“?????,????????????????,?????”(??????????????? ????)

(???????????????????)

«????»(2024????????????????????12??????????????11????????????????? ?? 08 ?????????????) ????:??????????????????????