????:1?????????:????????

2?????

3????????????

4?????????

5??????????

????????1????23??? ??????,??????????????,2024?????????,??????????(R&D)?????,??????????3.6????????????(R&D)?,???????

???????????(R&D)????????

????????????,???????????????,??,???(R&D)????2024???????????????,????????(R&D)??????????36130??????,??????????8.3%,??????????,????????????

????????(R&D)???

????????????,2024????,??????????(R&D)???(R&D????????GDP?)???????2.68%,?????0.10???????????????????????????,????“?”?????,??????????????????????,?(R&D)??????????12??????????????,????????(2.11%),?????????????OECD????(2.73%)?

?????????????

2024?????????????????,?????2497????????,??10.5%,????(R&D)???2.2?????????;??(R&D)?????????6.91%,??????????????????????0.14?????????????????,????????,???????????,????????,?????????????????????????????????????????

??,2024???????(R&D)?????,???,???????????????????????????????,??????,?,?????,????,???????????,?????? ???:??