?????????????:?????“??????”??

????:????????:??????

?????11???23???????????????????????? ?????????????:????????“???”??

????????????????????????????

????????????? ????? ???????? ?

“?????”??11??????????18?????20???????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)???????????“??????????”????????????????????,??,“???????????????????”???????????,??????????,??,????“??????????”,?????????????,????????

????????????:

???????:????

????????????????????????:20???????70???,???????????,??,?????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????,?????,??“???????”?

?????(Thomas Berry),???????“??”?????????“????”?????????????,??????(William Theodore de Bary)????????,?????????????(Carlton Hayes)????????????????????????????

2024??????11????20?,“?”??????????????(?)??????????????? ?? ??

?:?????????????“????????”?????????????????????,???????????

???????????:??“?”“??”“???????????”?????????????????,“?????????”?????????????????????????????,???????????“?????????,?;????????????????????,?????????????????”,?“?????????????????????”??

“??”?????????????,??“??”,???“????????”????,?????,???????????,??????,?????“????”??“????????????????”????????“?????”??????,??,????????????????“??”??

???????????????,??,????????? ??????????????? ??

????:?????“??????????????????????????”“????”“???????????????”?????,??????

?????????????:????????????????????,??????????????????“?”,???“????”,????????“??”??????????“??????”??????

?????????????????,??????,????????????,??,???????“??????????????????”??????,??????,?????,?????????????????????????????

???????????:??????????

???????????:????,???????,???????????????????????????????????????????……???,?“??????????”????????????

70????«?????»???????????????,????????????????,?????“?????????”?????????«?»,?????????????????????????,????????????,???,?????????,????,???,???

??????????:?????????????????

???????????????????????????????:??????????????????,?????,???????,??,????????,????,???????????????????,?????,??,?????????

???????????????,?,?????“?????????????????”??,???“????”?,????????????????????????????????????,?,????????????????

2016??????????????,????????,???????112?????????????? ????? ????

?????????????,??????????????????,?????????“???”????????????,??????????,???,??????????????????????????,?????“??????????????”,???(????)

???:

??????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????

????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),???,???????????????1997?,?????????????????????«?»«??»?????????????«???»?

??:?????