????:1????????:??????????

2??????????

3????????200?

4?95?98?????????

5?????90?95?????

???????????????7??????????1?????????????? ??????:40????????????????,???????????“????????????”

????

? ??????????

????????????,??????????????,?????????????????60??????????????(EIAS),?????????????“?”????????????,?,??????????,???

?????????“?????”,??????????????????(Axel Goethals)????????,???????????????????1978??,?????????????????????,????????;?????????????,??????????46????????????????

????????????,???“??????????”????????????,??????????????,??????????????40??????????

????????:

???:?????,???????????????

???:?,?????????,?????????,???????????,???????????????????????????,????,????????,???????????????

?????????,???????????????????????,???????????????,???“???????????”,????????“???????????????”???????,????????????,????????,??

?,???????????????????,?????????????,???????????????????????,????????????,?????????

???????:1978????????????,????????46??????????????????,??????????????

?????????:?????????????40??????????,?????????,???????????????????????????????,?????3???,????????????????

1984?,????«??????????????????»,????????????????????????? ??? 2024??????????????,????3D????????????????????? ??

????????????????1978??,??,???????????,???????,?????????????,??????????????????????????,????????????,??????????????????

????????:???,???????????????????????

????????:????????,???5????????10???????????????,?????????20????“????”???????????,????

????,?,???????????????“???????????????????????”,??,??,??????,??

???,???,????????????????????,?????????????????,???????,????,???????????

????????????:???????????,??????????

??????????????:???????????????1989?,?????????????????,????????????,??????????;???????????,?????,??,???????????

????????,?????????,?????????????,?,???????????????????????,?????????????

?????:??,??

??????:????????,??????????,??????

“?????17?18??”????????????????????? ??????

??????????????,???????????????,????????????,????????????,“????”???????,??????????????,?????????,???????????

?????????????????????????,?????,???,?????,????(??????????????)

?????:

??????(Axel Goethals)????????????? ????????

??????(Axel Goethals),????????????,????????1978??????????????????,???????????,??40??????????????????6??,????????????????,??????????

??????:????????