????:1???????:???????

2??????????

3?????????

4???????????

5????????

????????:

???????????,???????,????

????,????????????,??,?????“??”?????,????,????????????«?»????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,???????

?????????,???????????,?????,???????????????????

“????????????????????????”???????????????“????”,?,????,?????,???,?,????

??

??????????????“?????????”?,??????????????????????,?????,??????????????????????????????????????

?(??????)???,????????????1587????????,????“?????”????????????????,??,????????“???????”??????????????,???????????,???,??????

??,??????,????,?????????“?????????”??????????????

??,??????;???“????”,??????????????????????????????(1620),?????????????????,????????????????????,????“??????,??????”??????????????????,???????“????”,?????????????«??»?????,?????,???????????????????????,????????????????????,?????,?,??????????????????“?????????”?

???????????????“???”??????????,“????”?????????????????????????????????,???????,?????????1987?????????11????????????????????????,“??????????????”??????????

?????

??????,????????????70???????,???,?????????????,?????,??????????,??????????????,?????,?,???????,????????????????

???

?????,?????,????????????????????,??????????????,?????,?????,?????,??????,??????????????????,??????????????????????400?????,?????????,???????????,???????,???????????????

???????

????????,???????????????,????????????????,1978???????????????????????“?????”?????,??,??????????????“????????”,?????????????????????76????????????,?????????????“?????”,??“??????”,??????????????262??

?????????????

??,“?????”???????88???94????,?????????????????,?????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??????”?????,??????????????????????????

?????????

????????(1641),???????????,?????1978???,??????????,?,??,???????“?????”,????“?????”?????????????????

???????

22???????????,?????????,?????????,???30?????????????????????,????????????????????,???????????????,???,??????????????1924??????2006??,?,???????????????“??”,????????“???”?

???????,????,????,????????????????????????????,??????“??????????????”?????????“????”?

???????????? ?????

????????????:??????