?????75????(?????????)

????:????????:?????

??75????????75???????????,??????????????,????????????,????????,?????????,??????????????????,????????????????

????,????,???????,2023???????223???????GDP?????89????????????????????????????????????????43.6????……?75????,“?????????”???????75???????,??“???????????”?????????,???,???????

???????? ????

????????????7.9%

???

?,??????????????????,?????????????????,?,??????????????1952?????679????????????????,???????????????????1978?????????3679???????????;???????,??,1986??1?,2000?10?,2006?20????,???????????????12??10?????????,2020?????????100??,2023??????126???,?????,2023???????1952?223?,??7.9%;???,19792023??????????????????????8.9%,?????3.0%?????????

?????????????????GDP???????????8.9????????

???

1952???,?????GDP??119???????????????????????,????,??????????GDP???????2019????????????,??????????GDP?????70078??,?????10158??????,?????1???????;2023?89358????,????1952??????????89???????????????????,???????6.5%,???????????12681???????????????????,?3?1.2??????,2023?(GNI)????????1.34?,???????

?????????????

????????????

?????????????,???,??1952??,???????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%?????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,??????????

??,??????????,??????????,???????????,??2023?,??????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%?????????,??9??1.3??,???????,?,??????????????????????????????????????????,??,??????????“???????????+”??

“???????????”?22.4?????????????

????

?,????,???,?,?????????????????????????

20132023??????????????????????????????,??????????????8.7%?10.3%,???,????????????????????????????????????????5G?????????,“?????????”?,??????????????????

?2023??????,???421???????????????;?,????????????

??????????????,???????????????????????,“???”???????????2023??????????????,??????“???”???22.4??,??????????????????GDP???17.73%?

?

??

1949?????2.2???????????,????8.1???????????????????????,????????????????75?,????????????????,??????,???????????????,????????????

2023???,?15.9?????,?????1949????6??????,?4.5???,??????????2/3?????????????;????????544?????????,????????66??,???????18.4????,??????????;??12.8??????????????,??????????74.1%;????????876????????????????,2023????????1.7????????????,?2016?10?????????????????????,??????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????

??????????3.92?????????????

?

1949????49.7???????????1978??,?????????171????????,?151??????????????,????????????,???,??,??????????,????????????????2023???,????????????39218??????????,?1949?????76?,???6.0%;??26796???,???????1956????36???????,???5.5%?

????,??????????????,????2023????????????????,?????????????????????29.8%,????????1978??34.1??;????????????????????45.2%,??????????????2013??????????5.5???????????????,????,?????2023?????,????49.7???????????,???????????145.9???????,???2013?????????2.9??2.1???

???

????????

????????????????,??????????,???????????

????,???????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????,?,?,???,????????

2023???,???10.66????,????????1989???????10.09????;????????????????2.44?????3.02?,?1994?????????????1.64???2.84??????????,????????????,????,?????????

9899????????????

?????

????????????,?????????20?????????5070??????,??,??????????????????????????,?????“??”???????,??????????????,????

??,???,??????????????????????8?,???2020?9899?????????????,832??????????,12.8????????????????,??,???????????????????,????????10??«????????2030??????????»??,??,?????

?60%

??????????

?????,???????????????????????,??????????????????,???

2023?????,????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;????????????????????1.6?????????4542???,??????1949??????????6.4?????????????103????????????,???(OECD)????????????????

????,?,???????????2023?????????,??60%,??;???????1982??????????8??11.05????????????????,???????????????

??

???

1950???????????????,??????11.3?,?????????1978?????????????????206???????????????????????,???,2001???,??????,??

?,??,????????,????????????????????????1978????1%??????????2023????????????12.4%,??7??????????????“????????”??????????????,??????????150????????30????????????230??????“??”???????????,????25??????????????200?,?????????????“?”?

???

???????????

???????????,??,????????,??????????????,??????????????1999?????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????2012???????????????????,???????,???????4.9,???????1952??8.1?

????????????,???????????????????,??20132023??????????????,????????6.9%?7.1%,????????2023???????,????????????????????46.7%?24.4%,????2012??????2.9????????????????????0.9????????????????

??46.3????????????

??????

????????????,?????????,???1956????????????“????????”???????,????????????????????????,???????,????????,??

??,?,???,????????????????????????????????????????????????,???“??”,???????????????,??????????????11?????????,???????????????????,??????????????2023????????,??,???????????46.3?????

?????66%

????????

?,?????????????????1949????????10.64%,1978????17.92%?????????,????????????????????,???????????2023?????????????,??????????9.3??,?1978?????7.6??????;??????????66.16%,????????????48.24?????

???,??,?,???????????????????2023?,??????48.3%,?2015??8.4????????????,????????????,?,????????2012??????????2.88:1??????2023??????????????????????????2.39:1?2023??,???12.4:1,???????????????2013??????????1.4?2023???????????460?????????,??????99%??,??14.4???????????

??????????3246????6833??????????

?????

1949???,????????????????????????,?????????,?????,??????????2023?????????,??????3246???????????????????????????6833?,????1949?59???????????????325?????;??119?(???)?

??,????,???,??,???2022?????????????,?????4.46%,??????????2013???????????0.77?;????????????2012?????????888??????????????????????????2023??????????????????????????1622???????????

???78.6??????????????????????????????

????

??????????,??????????????,????????????75?????????,?,????????,??2023??????????????,?107??????????,????1017?,???1249????????????????????????

??,???,?,???????????2023??,??13.34????,??2018????????????95%?????????2023????????,??????????????78.6???,???????1949???43.6??????????,???????????

?24.02%

????????

20????50?????,???????????????????????,????????,???????,?“????????”??????????????2022??????,??9014????????,???????????20???????????80?????25????30????????????;?????????????18%,???

????????,“????????”????????????24.02%?2023?,???(PM2.5)?2016???????????28.6%,????????????????????????????????21.6?????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????,??????????“????????????”????????“?????????”,???????????????(?????????????) ???????????????????:??????????????