?????75????(?????????)

????:?????????:??????

?75???75?,?????????????????,??????????????,?????????,???????????,???????????????????,???

???????,?????,???????????????????,2023??223???????????GDP????????89???43.6?????……????????75??????????,“????????????”?????????????75???????????,???????“?”??,????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????

?? ?

?????????????????????7.9%

?????

???????,????????????????,???????,????,?????1952?????????679??,???????1978????????3679?????;?????????????????,???,1986???????1???????????,2000??10??????????,2006????20???????,??12???10???,2020?100?????????,2023?????????????126???????,??????????,2023????????1952?????????????223??????????,??7.9%;??,19792023?8.9%,?3.0%????????

???GDP????????8.9??

???????????????????????

1952??????????????,????????GDP??????119?????,??????????,??GDP????2019??????,???GDP??????70078?????,??????10158????,???1?????????????;2023???????????????89358????????????????????????,?????????????????????1952??????????????????????????????89????????????,???6.5%,?12681????????????????,??3??1.2??????????????????????????,2023?(GNI)????????????1.34??,???

?

?

????????????,???????,????1952??????????,???????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%??????????????????????,???????????,?????

?????????,??,?????????,????????????,??2023????,???????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%?????????,???9??1.3?????????????,??????????????????????????????????????,??,????????????????????????????????????????,??????,?“??+”?????

“??????????”?22.4??

?????

?????????,???????????????,????????????,??????????????,????????????????????

20132023?,???????????????????8.7%?10.3%,?,????????????????????5G???????????,“?”???,???????

????????2023?????????????,??????????????????421????????????????????????????;?,???????????????????????

????????????,???????????????????????????????,“?????”????2023?,??“??”????22.4???????????????,?????????GDP?17.73%?

??????

?

1949?????2.2??????????,??????????????8.1???,??????75?,??????????,??????????????,????????????????????,????????????

2023???????,????????????????15.9?????????,???????????????????????1949?6??????????????,??4.5???????????,????????2/3??????????;????544???,?????66??,?18.4??,??????????????;??????????12.8????????????????,???74.1%;????876?????????????,2023????????1.7???????????,???????????2016??10??,??????????????????????????????????,?????????????????

???3.92?????????

????????

1949?????????????????49.7???1978????,??????????171?????????,??151??????????????,???????????????,??????,???????????,????????,??2023???,??39218???????????,?1949?????????76???,????????????6.0%;????????????26796??????????????????,????1956??????????36????????,??????????5.5%?

???,?????????????,??2023?,??????????29.8%,?1978?????34.1??????;?????45.2%,??????????????2013??????5.5???????????????,???????,??2023??,??????????????????????????49.7???????,?????145.9????????????,????2013???2.9???????????2.1?????????????

??????????

???

??????????????,????????????????????????????,?????

????????,????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????,?????????,??????????,????????????,???????

2023???,?????????????????????????????10.66?????,???????????1989???10.09??????????;????????2.44?????3.02?,??1994???????1.64??????????2.84???????????????????,????????,??,????????????????????

9899????????????

?????????????

??,????????????????????????20??5070?????,???????,?????????,????????????????“?”???????,?????????????????????????????,???

?,???,?????????????????????????8???,?2020????9899???,832??,12.8??????????,?????,?????????????????????????????????????,??????10?«????2030????????»?????,??,????

???????60%

?????????

????????,??????????????????????,?,?????

2023?????,????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;?????????????1.6?????????????????4542??????????,?????????1949???????????6.4??????????103????,???????????(OECD)??

?????????????,??????,??????????????2023?,?60%,??????????????????;?????1982??????????????8???11.05????????????,??????????

?

??????????????????

1950????,????????????11.3??????????????????????????????,???????1978????????206??????????????????????,??,2001?????????,?????????????,??

??,??????????,??????????,??????????????1978???????????1%?2023??12.4%,?????7????????????“?”?,??????????150???????????30??230???“????????????”?????,?????????????????????25????????200???????????,??“?????”?

????

??????????

???,?,???????,???????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????1999??,?????????????????????????????????2012???,????????,???4.9,????1952????????8.1?

?????????,?????????????????????????????????,???20132023???????,?????????????6.9%?7.1%,???????2023???????????????????,?????????????????????????????????46.7%?24.4%,??????2012?????2.9?????0.9???????????

????46.3??????????????

???

?,????????????,????????1956???“?”???????????,??????,??,??,??

?,????,??????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????,???“???”,????????????????????????,??11?????????,???????????????,???????????????????2023??,??,???46.3??????

??????????????????66%

????????????????

?????????,??1949??????????????10.64%,1978?17.92%?????????,???????????????????,??2023???????????????????,??9.3????,?????????1978?????????????7.6??????????;???????????????????????????66.16%,??48.24????

?,????????,???????????,???2023???,?????????48.3%,??????????2015?????????8.4???????,???,??????????,??????????????????????2012????????????2.88:1?????????2023?????????2.39:1?2023????,??????????????12.4:1,????????????2013??????????1.4?2023?460?????,????????99%??????????????,???????????????????14.4?????

??????3246????????????????6833???

??????

1949??????????????,?????????????,????,???,????????????2023??,?3246?????????????????6833?????,??1949??59??325??;????119??????????(?)?

??????????,?,?????????????,???????????????,??2022?,??4.46%,???2013????0.77???????????;????2012????888????????????2023???????1622??

??????78.6?????????

?????

??????,??,????75??,????,???,??????????2023?????,??107???,?????????1017???????????????????????,??1249???????

???,??,????????????,???????????2023??,????????????13.34??????????????,???????2018????????????95%????2023????,?78.6?,???1949?43.6???????,??????????????

????????24.02%

????

20?????50???????,?,?????????????????,?,?“???”??????2022????????,??????????9014???????,??20????80????25?30?;????????????18%,?????????

??????????,“?????”????????????????24.02%?2023????????????,?????(PM2.5)?????????????2016?????????28.6%,?????????21.6???????????,????????????????????????,????“??????”????“??????”,??(????????????) ???:????