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???????10????2??????? (???????? ?)??????????2?????????«2023?????????????»?????????,2023??????(R&D)?????????????3.3??????(???,?????),?????33357.1??,??8.4%,??????“?????????????????”??????“?????????7%??”????????

???R&D???2012??1???,2019??2?????,2022??????????3?????,?R&D???,??

??,2023??R&D???????(R&D??GDP??)?2.65%,???0.09??????????????,?????????????“???”????0.02???,??????????????R&D??12??,???(OECD)???????(2.73%)?

???????R&D???????2023?????,????????R&D??25922.2????3856.3??2753.3??,??8.6%?1.1%????14.1%??,??????R&D??????77.7%,???2022???????0.1?,????(79.0%)?????(79.4%),??(67.4%)???(65.8%)?????

?????R&D???,2023????????2259.1???????3661.5?27436.5??,??11.6%?5.1%???8.5%??,???????????????R&D???6.77%,????(??) ????:???