????:2024-07-27 10:32:58 ??:????
????:???????:????????
???7????????26??:?????????“??????????”?????????????????
????
?? ???????????
??,??????????,?????,????????«????»«????:???????????????»???,??,??????????????“??”,?????????,??“??????”????
?????????:
?????:?????
????:?????,???300??????????????,?????300?????,?????,????“???????”?????????????,???,??????????????,???????,??????????????????????????????,??
?????????,??????????????????,?????,??????????????????????“????????”??????????????????,????????????????,?«???????»????????«??»,?????????????????21???,??????????4??????;????«?????»???????35??,?????????7??????;?????????????,«?»???57???????,????17?????????
????????,??1492???????????,?????,??????????????????,??????(Columbian Exchange),????????????????,???????????????????????????????????
???:????????????“??”?
???????:???,??????????,??????????????????“???”,????????????«?????????»????:“?????,?????”,?????????,????,??????????,????,????????(??????????,???????????????????)???????,??????????????????????????????«???»????????????:“???,??”???????,??????
??,“?????????”,???????,???????????????,?????????????????,?,???????????
?????????????????????????,???????????,????????????????????????,????,??,????,“????????????,??????”,????????:“???????,???”
????????????«??????????????»???:“???”?????,??,???,??????,?????????????????,?????,?????????,????????,?????????????????????,???????????????????????,?????,??????????,???,???????
??????:?????????????“???????”???????????????????
?????????????????:?????,??????????«??????????»?????:??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????,??,?????????????“???????”????????,????????:????????????????????????????????????????????????????(?????“??”)???????????????
??????????????,??????????,?????????,???????????????,??????????????????????????????????,???????????????,???,????“????????????????”,???“???”,?????????
??,?????????,???????????,????????,????“???”,?????,??????????????????“???????”,?????????????«?????»???“????????????”???“???,????”
???:??????,??????????????????????????
?????????:??,??,???????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????,«???????»??????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????,??????,?,???????????????,?,??????????????????
?,????????????????,???????????,???????,????????????,????????
???,????????????????????,???«????????»?????:“???????????????????,?????,????????????????????????,?????????,????????????,????????”“??????”,?????????????????,????????????,?????,??,«??»??“???????,?????????,??????????????”
???,?????????,??????????????????,??????????????(???????????????)
???:
????,????,???,???????????????:?????????????????????????????????????????«????»«???:?????????»«??????????????????:?????»?????????
???????????:??????????????????