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???10?????????????????2?????? (?????????????? ?????)?????????2?«2023??»??,2023????????(R&D)??3.3?????(??,?),???33357.1??,???????8.4%,??“?????????”???????“?7%??????”?????

?R&D??2012?????1???,2019???????2???,2022??3??,??????R&D?????,????

?????,2023???????R&D???(R&D?GDP????????)???2.65%,???0.09??,???“?????????”????0.02?????????,???????????R&D???12??,???(OECD)??(2.73%)?

????????????????R&D????????2023?,??????R&D??25922.2???3856.3????????2753.3??????????,??8.6%?1.1%????14.1%????,??R&D?????77.7%,??????2022???????0.1???,???????????????(79.0%)??????(79.4%),????(67.4%)?????(65.8%)???

??R&D???,2023???????????????????2259.1???3661.5???????27436.5?,?11.6%?5.1%???8.5%????,???R&D??????6.77%,???(?) ??????????????:?????