????:1????????2021:??????????

2???????????

3????????98?

4??????????

5????????????

????10?14??????????(?????????)2024??“????”??????????????????????????10??????14???????????????,2024?????,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson?James A. Robinson??????????????

“???????????”??

???????????????????“???????????????????????”????????,????“??????????????????”,?????????????“??????”??

??????1968???????????,?????????????????????????,????????????????????????????,????????????

?????“??????????”,??????,???????????67?????????????????2007???????????????(Leonid Hurwicz),???,??????????????????90????????????????2019??(Esther Duflo),??????????????46????

???????,?????????,???????????????????2009?(Elinor Ostrom)?

??:??????????????????????????????

????“?”?

?1969????????2024??,????56??????????????????????????????,????????????????90????????????,??

“???????,?????,??????????”??????????????????????????????

1994?????????????????“?????????”??????????????????????«???????»????????????????2015???????????,???????

2002?????????????,????????????????“??,???”????????????????????????????

?????:2018??????

2018????,??????(William D. Nordhaus)???????????????????????(Paul M. Romer),???:“??????”?“??”?

??????????,???,?????????????????????,???????????????????

????????

?????????????????????????,??,?????“????????????????”,“??”?

2017??????(Richard Thaler)??“????”????????????,???????????,????????,???????,????,???????????

???????????????,???????????

?,??????????????????7??????,??????????500?5?????,??????

???:2019????????????,????

2019??,???????????????????????????????????????,????????,????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????

“2019?????????,??????????,????????????”??(????????)

???????:????