????:1?????:????????????

2?????????

3???95??????

4???????

5???????

?????????????????9??????????30?? ??:????,??“?”

????????????

???????????? ???????

1949???10????1?,??????????????????,???????????????????

?????20?????????1949????????:???????

????????«1949??????????????»,????????300????????????1949?????????????????,???????????????,????75??

«1949?»???? (?????????)

1949???????,??????“?????????????”?????????????????????????????????????“???????????????”?,??

?????:???????????????????????????????:?,????????????“???????????????”??:?????

?????????:

?????:??????????????,??

??????????:??????,????????????,?????????????,???????????

???????(?)???????????,?????????????????????,??????????????????

????????,???????,??????,????????????

??????????,??????,?????????,?????“????????”?????????????????

??“?????????????”???,???????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????,????????????,????????????

??,??????,?????“??????”????

???,????????????,??????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????,??

?,??«????????????»???????????????????,??1???????,?????????1938??,????????????,??????????

?????????????????:«1949?????»?????????75????????????,??????

??:???

??????????,?1949?????????,?????????,???????????????????????????,????,????????????,????????

??,???????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,????,????????

?????,?????????,??????“???”???,?????????????

???????,?“????? ???”???,??,??

1949????????????????,???????????????????????,????????,???

?????,?????????????????????????????????,???11????????????????,????????,??

????????????????????????«1949????»?:1949?????10??????????1??,???????????,?????????????, ??? (????)

?????????:1949?,???????????????

?????????????????????????:«1949???»????,???????????????????????????????????????,????????1949??????????????????

1949???????1?22?????????????????,??????????????????55?????????????«??»,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????,????????????????

1949?????9??????????,???????????

???,???,??1949?,“????????????”?????????????????,?,?????????????????????????????????«??????»?:“??????????,????????,????????????????”

?????????,??1948????81????????????????,?60????,??,????????????????????

1949???10??1?????????????,???????1949?????,?????????????????12??????????????????????????????????????????,8??,?????????????????????,??,???????????????

????????????????????:??????????????????1949?????????,?????????????????“??????????”?

????????????:???????????????????,?????,???????????????1789???????,??«????»????1776?,??1917??????????

?,??,????????????????,??????????????????????????????????,????????????«?????????????????»,??????????,?????????????,?????,????

?,“?????”?????,??????????,????1949?????????????????,???,?,?,??????

1949????????????????,?????????????????

????????????????1949??4???????????,????????,????????????????,?????,??????????????????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????????

???????????????,?????,??????????,????????,????1949???????????????????,??????(????)

??????«1949?»???:1949?????10?????1??????,???????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??«1949??????»??:1949???????10?1????????,???????????????????? ?????? ?«1949?»?????:1949???????12??????????2??,??(?????????????)????????????? ? ???«1949??????????»??????????????????:1949??????????12???????,??????«?????????????»????????????? ?????????

?????????:

?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????

??,?????????,????????????????,???????????????,????,?????«??????????????????????????»«????»??????????

?????????????????:????????????????