????:1?????????:?????????

2???????????

3????????

4?????

5???????

??????????10????????????14?????????????(???????????)2024??“??????????”?????????????10??????14??????????????,2024?????????????????,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson???????James A. Robinson????????????

“??????????????”???

???????“?????????”?,???????????????“????????”,???“???????????????????????????”?????????????

??????1968?????????????????,???????????????????,??????????????,??

??????“?????”,????????,????67?????2007???????????????(Leonid Hurwicz),???????????????????,??????90??????2019????(Esther Duflo),??46???

???????????????,?????????????????????,?????????????2009????(Elinor Ostrom)?

??????????:???????????????????????

???????“???????????”?

???????????????1969????2024???,???56?????????????,???????????????90?????,?????

“?,??,????”????????????

1994????????????????????????????????“?”????«???»????????????????????????????2015??,???

2002????????,??????????“?,???”??????????

?:2018???????

2018???????????????????????????,???????????????????????(William D. Nordhaus)????????????????????????????????????????(Paul M. Romer),??:“??”?“???????????”?

????????????,?????,?????,???????????????

??????????????????????

????,????,???????????????????????“????????????”,“???”?

2017?????????????????(Richard Thaler)??????????????????“????”????????,????????????????????,???????,?????????????,?,?????????

?????,???????????????

???,????7????,?????500???5?,??????

?????????????????????:2019??????????,?????????????????

2019?,?????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,??,????????????????????????,?????????

“2019???????????????,???????,???????????”???????(???)

???:????????????????