????????????? ????????

2024??8?????20?????,???(AS689)???,[1]???????????17%-36.3%????????(?9%)????????????2023?9?????13???“?”??,????????????????,??????????????2023???10?????????????4??????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,???“???????????????????????”???,?????????????

??????,???,??????????,????????“??”(???????????????????????????????)???????,????????????«???»??????????????????????????,???????????????????????????“?????”????????????????2019?????????????????????«?????»???,???????????????,????????????“??”?????????????????????????2020??????,?????«????»,????????????????????????,?????????????????????“????????”??????,??????,??????????,???????????

????????????“?”??????????,????????????????????????????

????

(?)???????,?????????????????

1. ???????????

?????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1951????????????????????????,???(??????????????????????????????????????????????????)???«??????»,?????????????“?????????????????”(ECSC),???,???????????,?????????????????????????????????????????

1957??????,???????????????????????«??????»?????«????????????????»?????????“?????????????????????”(Euratom),??(?????????????),?????????????????,??,???????????????????????“???????????????”(EEC),??????????,??????????,????????????????????????92???????????????????????????????94????????????????(state aid),???????????????[2]

2. ??????

1965????,?????????«???»,???????????????????,????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????,??????????????«??????????????????»???????????

1974?????,??????????????«??????1985?»,??1985??????????????50%,??,????????[3]

????????,???????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????,??????,??????,????????????

(????)???????

1980?,??«???1990?????????????????????»,???,???????????????[4]???????1974??

1986?????????,??????«???»,[5]??????????????????,???????????????,???????????

??????,?,???????,??????

???????????????????????

1992?,???????????????????«??»(??????«?????????????????????»),??????????????????“?????????????????????”(EU),???????????“??????????????????????”(EEC)?????????“??”(EC),??«???»???????????????????«????????????????»??????????????

??????«?????????????????????»????????,?????????????????????????????,«???»??????130?????????,??????????????????????????????????????

???????,?????????????????,?“????”???????????

(???????)????????????

1995?????,???«???»???,???????????????????????????????????????,?????[6]

1997??,????«??????????????:????????????????????????????»???????,[7]???????????????,???????,??????????????????????

2000??????????????????????????????,?????????????«???»???,???????????,?????????????????????????????[8]

??????,???????????????,?????????

(?????????????????????)???????????????

?????????????????????????,?2006?????«???????????????????????????????????????????»????????????????,?????????????????,??,????????????,???????[9]

2007??,????????????????????????«??»,?«??????????»??????«??????????????????»,???????«???????»???«??????»???,«?????»????????88??????4????,?????,???????«????????????»??????“????????????????????????”????????????,??????????????[10]

2010?,????«???????2020?????»,????????????,????????????????????????[11]

2011?,?????????«2050??????????????????????????????»,?2020???????????????,?????????????????,???(???????????????????????????????)????????????,???[12]

?,???,???

???????????????“?”??????????????

??????????«?»???????????????107??????,???????????????,?????????????????????(?????????????????????),????????????????

???“?”???????:???,????????????????,??????????,??????????????????????;?????,??????

?2023??????7?????????????????????????????WTO?????,[13]?????????????????????????????,???“????????????????????????”?????????????????“?”????,???????????????????????,????2021-2022?2273.5????????

???????????????,???????“??????????”???,???,????

(????????????????????????)?????????????????????????????“???”??

1. ??????????????“????????”?

2014?????,??????«2030??????????????»,?????????????????2030??????????????????????????,??????????????,?????,?????????????????2030?27%,??????????????????????????????[14]

2015???,??«?????????????????»,?????“????”,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??“??????”?????,?,????[15]

2018?????,?«???????????????»,????????????2030??32%,??????????????????[16]

?????????????,????«?????????????????????????»,?2050???????????“???????????????????”??????,????????“?????????????????????”???,???????????????????????????????????,?????,?????????[17]

2. ?????????????????«?»??????????«??»???“??????????????????”??

2019??????????????????????,????????????«???????»,??????,?,???????2030????1990????55%???????????2050????????“???????????????”?????????????

?,?????“????????????”??????????,??????????????????????????????????,????“??”????????????,«?????»?????????:???;?????????????;??,?????????????,???????????,??????????????,??[18]

2020???????????????????3????????????????????,??«????????????»,????????????????????????:?;????????????????“??????????”;????????????????????????????????2021??5?????????[19]?????????????,?????????,???????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,???,?“???”(IPCEI)???????,?????????????????????????

2022?,??,????????????????????????,??“REPowerEU”????????????,????????????????????????????,???????,???????2030????????????????45%,?????[20]

3. ???

2023?????????????????????,???????????«??????????????????????»,????????????????????«??????????»,??????,?????“??????????”????[21]

2024??????????????????????????,??????????«???????»????????????????????????«???»?????«???»??

«?»????[22]?“????????????????????”??????;????????2030?,?40%;??????“??????”(NZSPs),???,??????????;??«?????»???????,??????????????????????????????????????

«????????????»?,???????????????2030???????????????????,?????,?????????????-?????????,???????“???”????????????

(?????)???????????????????????

1. ???????

2018?????,???????«?????????????:??????????????????????????????????»,????????????????????????????,??????????,?,??“??”(electro-mobility,?????????????????)?

?“??????????”(CEF),?????,?????????????????????????,??????,??,??????

2. ????????

2017????????,?????????????????????????????“????????????????????”,???????,?????????,????????,??[23]

2018???????,?«?»,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????[24]???????????????,?????????:???????????????????????????????????;???????,????????????????;???,???????????????;????;?????(???????????);?????????????????????

??????,??????????????,?????????????“???????????????????”????“?????????????????”??????,?,??????????

(??)????????????????????

1. ??

2022?????,??«?????»,????2025??????????????320??????(GW)???????????????????2030???????????600??????[25]???,??

????????,?:??????????“????????”,????????????;????????????;??????????????????,????;??????????????????

2. ?????????????????????????????

???,???????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????:?,??????????????????????;?????????????,?????????????;???????;?;?????????????????????

2024?,?????????????«???????????»,??????????????????????????????????????????????,??(????????????????)????????????“???”??????????????????????,???,??????????????????

?,?????,???????“?????????????”??????????“??????????????”?????????,????????????????,??

????????????????:?????????? - ????????????????????

(??????????????)??????????:?????????“??????????????????????????”???????????

??????????????2006??????????,??????????????“??”???????????????????????«???????????»«???»«?»??,????,??“?????”???,????????

??????????????,“???”?“???????????????”??,???,????????????2020??2??????????????2026???????????????????????????????12?31????????????????????????,?????7230??,??????????????????3380?????????????,3850???????????????????,???37%????????2024??????4????????????,???879????????,???????????????????“???????????”?????????25.7%?[26]

“???????”(CEF)?????????«???»??,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????2021-2027????,?????59.4????????????????[27]

“???”??????????????,????????????:“??????????????????????????????”“????????????????”??“????????”?“???”?????,“??????????????”???????????“????????????????????????????”????,“?????????????”???[28]“??????”???????????????????????????????????????2023????????????,?????2021-2022??????????2273.5????????

(??)???????:???????????????

?“????????”??,?“?”?,??????????????????????????!

??????????????????????????,??????,????,???????????,????????,????????[29]

?????????8????20?????,?????????,??????????,?“????????????????????????????????????????????”?????????????????????????????,????,??“???????”???????“???”??????????????????????,????????????????????,???,????????????????????,???????????????“?????”,???[30]

?,????????2035?????????????????????,??????,??????????(????????????)?????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????????[31]

2024?????????8???????????????9?,???????????????(WT/DS626??????????),[32]????????????????????????????????«????????»?6??«????????????»?????????????1??????2????????10??????17????????19???????????????????????22??????????????32???????????,???,??????????

(??????)?????????????????:??“???”?????????????????

????????????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????????????«????????????»«???»«???????»???,??“????????”??????????????????,???????,?????????????????????“??????????”???????????,??

??????????????,??,??????????,??,??????????????,??“??”????????????

????1957?????«?»?“????????”????,?«???????»????????????????,???????????????????????????,???????????????????“?????????”??????????

??,2018?????????????????????????????2024?????8????????????????????,??“????????”?,????????????????????????????????????????????362???????????????(???????320??????????????????????),????????????68?????(????????21%),??????????????61?(??????????????????17%)?[33]??????????,???????????????????,?????“?”??????????

??|???????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????

????

[1]???????:

[2]????????«????????????????»??????????????????298???51???52?????????

[3]Council of the European Communities, Council Resolution of 17 December 1974 concerning Community energy policy objectives for 1985, 09/07/1975, p.2-4.

[4]Council of the European Communities, Council Resolution of 9 June 1980 concerning Community Energy Policy Objectives for 1990 and Convergence of Policies of the Member States, OJ C 149, 18.6.1980, p. 1-2.

[5]Council of the European Communities, Council Resolution of 26 November 1986 on a Community orientation to develop new and renewable energy sources.

[6]European Commission, White Paper: an Energy Policy for the European Union, COM(95)682 final, 13/12/1995.

[7]European Commission, Energy for Future: Renewable Sources of Energy-White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan, COM(97) 599 final, 26/11/1997.

[8]European Commission, Towards a European Strategy for the Security of Energy Supply, COM(2000) 769 final, 29/11/2000.

[9]European Commission, Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy, 8/3/2006, COM(2006) 105 final.

[10]Treaty of Lisbon, Official Journal of the European Union, 2007/C 306/01.

[11]European Commission, Energy 2020 A Strategy for Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Energy, COM/2010/0639 final, 10/11/2010.

[12]European Commission, Energy Roadmap 2050, 15/12/2011.

[13]New and Full Notification Pursuant to Article XVI:1 of the GATT 1994 and Article 25 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, European Union, 25 July 2023.

[14]European Commission, A Policy Framework for Climate and Energy in the Period from 2020 to 2030, COM(2014) 15 final/2, 28/1/2014.

[15]European Commission, A Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change Policy, 25/2/2015.

[16]European Parliament and of the Council of European Union, Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 82209.

[17]European Commission, A Clean Planet for all - A European Strategic Long-term Vision for A Prosperous, Modern, Competitive and Climate Neutral Economy, 28/11/2018, COM (2018) 773.

[18]European Commission, The European Green Deal, 11/12/2018, COM(2019) 640 final.

[19]European Commission, Updating the 2020 New Industrial Strategy: Building a Stronger Single Market for Europe’s Recovery, 5/5/2021, COM(2021) 350 final.

[20]European Commission, Proposal for amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of the Use of energy from renewable sources, 18/5/2022, COM(2022) 222 final.

[21]European Commission, A Green Deal Industrial Plan for the Net-Zero Age, 1/2/2023, COM(2023) 62 final.

[22]European Commission, Net Zero Industry Act, 16/3/2023, COM(2023) 161 final.

[23]European Commission, European Battery Alliance.

[24]European Commission, ANNEX 2Strategic Action Plan on Batteries.

[25]European Commission, EU Solar Energy Strategy, 18/5/2022.

[26]???:??,2024????4??????????????

[27]European Parliament and of the Council of European Union, establishing the Connecting Europe Facility and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1316/2013 and (EU) No 283/2014.

[28]New and Full Notification Pursuant to Article XVI:1 of the GATT 1994 and Article 25 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, European Union, 25 July 2023.

[29]???????????:

[30]??????????????????:

[31]

[32]????????????????????(WT/DS626?):

[33] ???:???????????????????????? 梓潼县那条街有耍的抖音约

?? ???“??????”????????????

???“??????”????????????
??
2024-08-24 10:45:51

????:1???9598??:???????

2????????

3?95?98?????

4?????

5??????

????????????? ????????

2024??8?????20?????,???(AS689)???,[1]???????????17%-36.3%????????(?9%)????????????2023?9?????13???“?”??,????????????????,??????????????2023???10?????????????4??????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,???“???????????????????????”???,?????????????

??????,???,??????????,????????“??”(???????????????????????????????)???????,????????????«???»??????????????????????????,???????????????????????????“?????”????????????????2019?????????????????????«?????»???,???????????????,????????????“??”?????????????????????????2020??????,?????«????»,????????????????????????,?????????????????????“????????”??????,??????,??????????,???????????

????????????“?”??????????,????????????????????????????

????

(?)???????,?????????????????

1. ???????????

?????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1951????????????????????????,???(??????????????????????????????????????????????????)???«??????»,?????????????“?????????????????”(ECSC),???,???????????,?????????????????????????????????????????

1957??????,???????????????????????«??????»?????«????????????????»?????????“?????????????????????”(Euratom),??(?????????????),?????????????????,??,???????????????????????“???????????????”(EEC),??????????,??????????,????????????????????????92???????????????????????????????94????????????????(state aid),???????????????[2]

2. ??????

1965????,?????????«???»,???????????????????,????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????,??????????????«??????????????????»???????????

1974?????,??????????????«??????1985?»,??1985??????????????50%,??,????????[3]

????????,???????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????,??????,??????,????????????

(????)???????

1980?,??«???1990?????????????????????»,???,???????????????[4]???????1974??

1986?????????,??????«???»,[5]??????????????????,???????????????,???????????

??????,?,???????,??????

???????????????????????

1992?,???????????????????«??»(??????«?????????????????????»),??????????????????“?????????????????????”(EU),???????????“??????????????????????”(EEC)?????????“??”(EC),??«???»???????????????????«????????????????»??????????????

??????«?????????????????????»????????,?????????????????????????????,«???»??????130?????????,??????????????????????????????????????

???????,?????????????????,?“????”???????????

(???????)????????????

1995?????,???«???»???,???????????????????????????????????????,?????[6]

1997??,????«??????????????:????????????????????????????»???????,[7]???????????????,???????,??????????????????????

2000??????????????????????????????,?????????????«???»???,???????????,?????????????????????????????[8]

??????,???????????????,?????????

(?????????????????????)???????????????

?????????????????????????,?2006?????«???????????????????????????????????????????»????????????????,?????????????????,??,????????????,???????[9]

2007??,????????????????????????«??»,?«??????????»??????«??????????????????»,???????«???????»???«??????»???,«?????»????????88??????4????,?????,???????«????????????»??????“????????????????????????”????????????,??????????????[10]

2010?,????«???????2020?????»,????????????,????????????????????????[11]

2011?,?????????«2050??????????????????????????????»,?2020???????????????,?????????????????,???(???????????????????????????????)????????????,???[12]

?,???,???

???????????????“?”??????????????

??????????«?»???????????????107??????,???????????????,?????????????????????(?????????????????????),????????????????

???“?”???????:???,????????????????,??????????,??????????????????????;?????,??????

?2023??????7?????????????????????????????WTO?????,[13]?????????????????????????????,???“????????????????????????”?????????????????“?”????,???????????????????????,????2021-2022?2273.5????????

???????????????,???????“??????????”???,???,????

(????????????????????????)?????????????????????????????“???”??

1. ??????????????“????????”?

2014?????,??????«2030??????????????»,?????????????????2030??????????????????????????,??????????????,?????,?????????????????2030?27%,??????????????????????????????[14]

2015???,??«?????????????????»,?????“????”,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??“??????”?????,?,????[15]

2018?????,?«???????????????»,????????????2030??32%,??????????????????[16]

?????????????,????«?????????????????????????»,?2050???????????“???????????????????”??????,????????“?????????????????????”???,???????????????????????????????????,?????,?????????[17]

2. ?????????????????«?»??????????«??»???“??????????????????”??

2019??????????????????????,????????????«???????»,??????,?,???????2030????1990????55%???????????2050????????“???????????????”?????????????

?,?????“????????????”??????????,??????????????????????????????????,????“??”????????????,«?????»?????????:???;?????????????;??,?????????????,???????????,??????????????,??[18]

2020???????????????????3????????????????????,??«????????????»,????????????????????????:?;????????????????“??????????”;????????????????????????????????2021??5?????????[19]?????????????,?????????,???????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,???,?“???”(IPCEI)???????,?????????????????????????

2022?,??,????????????????????????,??“REPowerEU”????????????,????????????????????????????,???????,???????2030????????????????45%,?????[20]

3. ???

2023?????????????????????,???????????«??????????????????????»,????????????????????«??????????»,??????,?????“??????????”????[21]

2024??????????????????????????,??????????«???????»????????????????????????«???»?????«???»??

«?»????[22]?“????????????????????”??????;????????2030?,?40%;??????“??????”(NZSPs),???,??????????;??«?????»???????,??????????????????????????????????????

«????????????»?,???????????????2030???????????????????,?????,?????????????-?????????,???????“???”????????????

(?????)???????????????????????

1. ???????

2018?????,???????«?????????????:??????????????????????????????????»,????????????????????????????,??????????,?,??“??”(electro-mobility,?????????????????)?

?“??????????”(CEF),?????,?????????????????????????,??????,??,??????

2. ????????

2017????????,?????????????????????????????“????????????????????”,???????,?????????,????????,??[23]

2018???????,?«?»,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????[24]???????????????,?????????:???????????????????????????????????;???????,????????????????;???,???????????????;????;?????(???????????);?????????????????????

??????,??????????????,?????????????“???????????????????”????“?????????????????”??????,?,??????????

(??)????????????????????

1. ??

2022?????,??«?????»,????2025??????????????320??????(GW)???????????????????2030???????????600??????[25]???,??

????????,?:??????????“????????”,????????????;????????????;??????????????????,????;??????????????????

2. ?????????????????????????????

???,???????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????:?,??????????????????????;?????????????,?????????????;???????;?;?????????????????????

2024?,?????????????«???????????»,??????????????????????????????????????????????,??(????????????????)????????????“???”??????????????????????,???,??????????????????

?,?????,???????“?????????????”??????????“??????????????”?????????,????????????????,??

????????????????:?????????? - ????????????????????

(??????????????)??????????:?????????“??????????????????????????”???????????

??????????????2006??????????,??????????????“??”???????????????????????«???????????»«???»«?»??,????,??“?????”???,????????

??????????????,“???”?“???????????????”??,???,????????????2020??2??????????????2026???????????????????????????????12?31????????????????????????,?????7230??,??????????????????3380?????????????,3850???????????????????,???37%????????2024??????4????????????,???879????????,???????????????????“???????????”?????????25.7%?[26]

“???????”(CEF)?????????«???»??,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????2021-2027????,?????59.4????????????????[27]

“???”??????????????,????????????:“??????????????????????????????”“????????????????”??“????????”?“???”?????,“??????????????”???????????“????????????????????????????”????,“?????????????”???[28]“??????”???????????????????????????????????????2023????????????,?????2021-2022??????????2273.5????????

(??)???????:???????????????

?“????????”??,?“?”?,??????????????????????????!

??????????????????????????,??????,????,???????????,????????,????????[29]

?????????8????20?????,?????????,??????????,?“????????????????????????????????????????????”?????????????????????????????,????,??“???????”???????“???”??????????????????????,????????????????????,???,????????????????????,???????????????“?????”,???[30]

?,????????2035?????????????????????,??????,??????????(????????????)?????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????????[31]

2024?????????8???????????????9?,???????????????(WT/DS626??????????),[32]????????????????????????????????«????????»?6??«????????????»?????????????1??????2????????10??????17????????19???????????????????????22??????????????32???????????,???,??????????

(??????)?????????????????:??“???”?????????????????

????????????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????????????«????????????»«???»«???????»???,??“????????”??????????????????,???????,?????????????????????“??????????”???????????,??

??????????????,??,??????????,??,??????????????,??“??”????????????

????1957?????«?»?“????????”????,?«???????»????????????????,???????????????????????????,???????????????????“?????????”??????????

??,2018?????????????????????????????2024?????8????????????????????,??“????????”?,????????????????????????????????????????????362???????????????(???????320??????????????????????),????????????68?????(????????21%),??????????????61?(??????????????????17%)?[33]??????????,???????????????????,?????“?”??????????

??|???????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????

????

[1]???????:

[2]????????«????????????????»??????????????????298???51???52?????????

[3]Council of the European Communities, Council Resolution of 17 December 1974 concerning Community energy policy objectives for 1985, 09/07/1975, p.2-4.

[4]Council of the European Communities, Council Resolution of 9 June 1980 concerning Community Energy Policy Objectives for 1990 and Convergence of Policies of the Member States, OJ C 149, 18.6.1980, p. 1-2.

[5]Council of the European Communities, Council Resolution of 26 November 1986 on a Community orientation to develop new and renewable energy sources.

[6]European Commission, White Paper: an Energy Policy for the European Union, COM(95)682 final, 13/12/1995.

[7]European Commission, Energy for Future: Renewable Sources of Energy-White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan, COM(97) 599 final, 26/11/1997.

[8]European Commission, Towards a European Strategy for the Security of Energy Supply, COM(2000) 769 final, 29/11/2000.

[9]European Commission, Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy, 8/3/2006, COM(2006) 105 final.

[10]Treaty of Lisbon, Official Journal of the European Union, 2007/C 306/01.

[11]European Commission, Energy 2020 A Strategy for Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Energy, COM/2010/0639 final, 10/11/2010.

[12]European Commission, Energy Roadmap 2050, 15/12/2011.

[13]New and Full Notification Pursuant to Article XVI:1 of the GATT 1994 and Article 25 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, European Union, 25 July 2023.

[14]European Commission, A Policy Framework for Climate and Energy in the Period from 2020 to 2030, COM(2014) 15 final/2, 28/1/2014.

[15]European Commission, A Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change Policy, 25/2/2015.

[16]European Parliament and of the Council of European Union, Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 82209.

[17]European Commission, A Clean Planet for all - A European Strategic Long-term Vision for A Prosperous, Modern, Competitive and Climate Neutral Economy, 28/11/2018, COM (2018) 773.

[18]European Commission, The European Green Deal, 11/12/2018, COM(2019) 640 final.

[19]European Commission, Updating the 2020 New Industrial Strategy: Building a Stronger Single Market for Europe’s Recovery, 5/5/2021, COM(2021) 350 final.

[20]European Commission, Proposal for amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of the Use of energy from renewable sources, 18/5/2022, COM(2022) 222 final.

[21]European Commission, A Green Deal Industrial Plan for the Net-Zero Age, 1/2/2023, COM(2023) 62 final.

[22]European Commission, Net Zero Industry Act, 16/3/2023, COM(2023) 161 final.

[23]European Commission, European Battery Alliance.

[24]European Commission, ANNEX 2Strategic Action Plan on Batteries.

[25]European Commission, EU Solar Energy Strategy, 18/5/2022.

[26]???:??,2024????4??????????????

[27]European Parliament and of the Council of European Union, establishing the Connecting Europe Facility and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1316/2013 and (EU) No 283/2014.

[28]New and Full Notification Pursuant to Article XVI:1 of the GATT 1994 and Article 25 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, European Union, 25 July 2023.

[29]???????????:

[30]??????????????????:

[31]

[32]????????????????????(WT/DS626?):

[33] ???:????????????????????????

????6%

???:???

相关推荐