????:“?????????????????”????????

????:?????????:??????????

??11??20???? ?????:“??”???????????

???????

????? ??

“??”???????????????????????????“???????”“????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????”“???????????????”?????,?????????????????“????????”??????,????????????“??”,????,????,??

????:

??:???

?????????????:???,?????????,“??”(?800?????200???????????????)?????,???????????????,?????????????????????,???“????”?

?????????????,???“????”?,?????????????,??????????“??”“?????????????”?????,????????????????????,?????????,“?”??,????????????“????????????????????”,???????????

????????????????

???????:“???”?????????????????????

?????????:???????(Louis Henkin)??,“???,??,??????????????,???”“????”?????,??????????“??”????“???????”??(??),????????????,????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,????

??,“??”????,????????????????????????“??”,?????,????????????????,???«??????????»?????????????,??162???“???????????????????”,???????“????”????,“????????????????”(«?????»),“????????????”(«???????????????»),???“????????,????????”(«???????»),????????“??,??”(«??????????????????????»)??????“??????????,?”(«?????»,?????«???????»)???????????????????????????????,???“???”???

???,“???????????????”??,?????“??”,?????,???????????«??»?????“??????,???????????,?????,????”(«????????????»)??????????“?????????,???????,??”(«????»)????????“??????????”??????????,????????????????????????????????“??????????,??????,????,????????”(«??????????????»)?????????????????“???????????????????”????,???????????????,?????????????

?????,“???”??,??“?????”,??,????????,?????????,???“??”?????????????????,???????????,“?????????????????”??“???????”(«?????????????????????»),???????,??????“?????????????,??????????”(«????????????????»)?“?????”???????????????????????“?????????”(«?????????????????»)???“?????”(«??????»),??“???”(«????????????»)???????“??”?????“?????”???????????????????,????“?????”“??”“??????”??,???????“???????????????????”??,?????????????,??“????????????????????,?????????”(«?????????»)?“???????,??”(«?????????????»)?

???????????,“???????”???,????“??”,???,?????????????,??????????????????????????????,????“?”????????????????,??“???”???,?????????????????“???????”(«??????????????????????????????»),???????,????????????????“???”???????????????“??????????”“???”,???????“?,???”(«????????????????????????»)?“????,???”(«??????????????????????»),????????????????????????????????

??,“?????”???????????????????“???”“??”“??”“?????”“??”?????????????,“???”?????????,“???????????????”???????????????????,“???”???,“??”??,“?????”??????????????????????????,“?”????,??????,?????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????

??:?????“???”?????

???:“?????”???????,????????????????????????????,??,??,????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????,????,?????????,???????,?????????????

????????????????????“????”????,????2300??,???,??????????????????????????,????,???????,???????????????????????????????“???”?????????????????????????????,?????

???:?“???????????”????????????????????“????”?

???:???,“?”????????????????????“????????????????????????”???????“???”,???????:?????????“?????”???,?????????????,???????????????????????;????,??????????,??,?????;???,?????,?????,???(?????)

?:

??????

??????????????????,????,????,??????????????,????,??«?????????????????????????»???

??????????????:????