?? ???|???:????“????????”???????
![](https://image.chezhanri.com/2019/1114/5dadddd6efce8292b638ab6f8629eafc.jpg)
????:1?????????:??????
2???????????????
3???24?????
4?????????
5??????????
????7?????????26?:???“?????”???
?????????
???? ????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/26/42eee49e277343d691510c4a8a57c7c1.jpg)
??????,???????????????,??????,???????????????«?????»«?:????????????????»?????,?,??????????????????????“????”,????????????????????,??“???????????????????”?????
?:
??:?????????????
???????????:?????????????????,???????300????????,?????????300??????????,??,????“????????????”?????????????,????????,???,??????????????,??????????????????????,??????
???????????????????????????,???,??????????,??“????????”????????,?????????????????,????«????????????????????»??????????«??????»,???21????????,?????????4???;???????????????????«??????????»????????35??????????????????,?????????7???????;??????????,«??????????»?????????57?????????????????????,??17?????
???,?????1492????,??,??????????????,????????????(Columbian Exchange),???????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/26/382e0b2751f545bbbafe12c0759e1501.jpg)
??????????:???????????????????????“?????”?
??????????????:????????????,???????????????,???“???????”,????????????????????????????????«??????????????»?????:“?????????????????,?????????”,?????????????,????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????,???(??,?????????????)???????????,????????????????????«??»??:“???,??????????”????????,??????????????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/26/84f6c7f68e304e60bd83a1c9c1417099.jpg)
??,“????”,????,???????????????????????,????,???????????,?????????????
?????,?????,????,???,??????,???,“??????,????”,????:“????,????????”
????«????»????????:“?”???????,?????????,?????????????,?????????,???????????????????,???,?????????????,???,????????,??????????,?????,???,????,?????????
??:???????“???????”??????????????
???:???????????????,??????????????«?????????????????»???????:????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????,?????????,??????????????“??????”??,???????????:???????????????????????????????????????????????????????(??“????”)???????????????
????????,????,?,??????????????,???????????????????????,??????????????????????,??,?“???????”,????????“?????????”,?????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/26/cda95d8e09f545a0a51130f6a1c791db.jpg)
??,??????????,??????????,???????,????????????“?????”,????????????,???????“?”,??????????«?????»?????“???”???“???,???????”
????????:????,?????????????????????
?????:???????,?????,????????????,????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????,?????????????????????,«?????»???????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????,?????,???,????????,??,??????????????????????????????
?????????????,???????,??????????,?????????????????????????,??,??????
??????,???????????????????,?????«??????»?????:“??,??????,????????????,????,??????????,???????????????????????”“????”,???????????????????????????????,??????????,?????,????,«?????????»???“?,???,????????????”
????,????????????????,???????????,????(??)
???:
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/26/630b030a70924664a50006583682de78.jpg)
?????????,?????????,??????,??????:???????????????????????????????«????»«??????:???»«???????:?????????»??????????
????:???????????