?????75?????(????????)

????:????????:????600??

???????75??75?????,???????????????????,???????????,?????????,????????,???,?????

???????,?????,??????????,2023???????223???????????????????????????????????GDP??????89??????????????43.6?????……?????????75?????????,“???”?75??????????????????????????????,???????????“??????????????”??,???????????,??????????????????????

?? ?

??7.9%

???????

?????,??????????,???????????????,?????,??1952????????679?,?????????????????1978??????????????????3679?;??,??,1986??????1???,2000????10?,2006??????????20???????,???12?????10????,2020?????????100??,2023???????????126?,???????,2023??????????1952????223????,??7.9%;?????????,19792023???8.9%,???????3.0%????????????

?????????GDP??????????????????????8.9????????????

???????

1952??????,????GDP?????119???????????,??,???????GDP?????????2019??,??????????GDP?????????????70078??????,???????????????????10158??,???????????????????1????????;2023???89358??,?????????1952??89?,?????????6.5%,?12681??????????????????,??3??????1.2??????,2023????(GNI)??????????1.34????,????????????????????????

????

????

?,???,??1952????????,?????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%?????,???????????????????,???

?????????,????,??,????????,??????????2023??,????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%??,?9??1.3????????????,???????????,??????????,??????????????????????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????“???+”??

“???????????”??22.4????????

???

??,???,??????????,?????????????????????,?????????????

20132023??????????,??????????????8.7%?10.3%,????????,???????????????????????5G?,“????????????”???,???????????????????

??????????2023??????????,???????????421????????;??????????,?????????????

???,????????????????????,“??????????”????2023??????????,?“??????”????????????22.4??????????????????,?GDP???????17.73%?

?????????????????????

?

1949????????2.2????,????8.1???????,??????????????????75?????,???,????,???????,??????????????

2023?????????????,??????????15.9????????,??1949????6??????????????,?4.5???,??????????2/3?;??544???????????,????????????66????,?????????18.4?????,????????????????;?????12.8?????????,??????????????74.1%;????????????876?????????????,2023??1.7???,?????????2016??????????????????10???,???????????,???????????????????????????????????

????3.92????

??????????????

1949??????49.7???????????1978?,????171????????????,??151????????,???????????????,???,????????????,?????????????,???????????????2023?,???39218????????,?????????1949???76???????,????6.0%;??26796???????,?????????1956?36????,???????5.5%?

????????????,??????????,???2023????,???29.8%,??????1978???????????????34.1??????????;?????????????45.2%,???????2013????????????5.5???????????,????,???2023?,??????????49.7??,????????145.9?????????????,?????????2013?2.9??2.1??????????

?

??????????

?????????,?????????????????????????????,?????

??,????????????????????,???,??????????,??,??,?????????

2023???,?????10.66??????????,?????1989??10.09??????????;????????????2.44????????????3.02??,??1994?1.64??????2.84???????,??,????????????,?????????????????

9899???????????????????

??

????????????,??????????????????????????????20?5070????????????,??,???????????????????,?????????“?”?,????????????????????????????,??????????

?????,???,??????????????????????8?????????,????2020????9899????????????????????????,832??,12.8????????????????,?????,???????????????,?????????????10?«?????????2030????????»??,??????????????????????????????,?????????

???????????60%

?

???,??????????????????,???,?????????

2023??????,?????????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;??????????????1.6????4542??????,????1949????????6.4????????103????????????????,?(OECD)??

???????????,?????,???2023???????????,?60%,??;?????????????1982??????????????8???????????????????????11.05???,???????????????????????????????????

???

??

1950????,????????????11.3???????,??1978????????????206?????????????????????????,??????,2001???,?,?????

??????????????????,????????????,??????????????,????????????1978??????????1%????????????2023?????????????????????12.4%,????????????????7?????????????????????“?”???????,?????????????????150???????30?230???“??”?,???????????25?200??????????????,?????????“?”?

???

??????????

???????????,?????????,?????????????,??????,??????????????????????????????1999????,???????????????????2012?,?,?4.9,?1952???8.1?

???????,?????????????,??????????20132023?,???????????????????????6.9%?7.1%,???2023????,???????????????46.7%?24.4%,???????????????????????????2012??2.9??0.9??????

?46.3??????

?????????

?,??,??1956??“?”??????????????????,??????????????,???????????,???????????????,??????

??????????,????,??,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????“????????????”,????????????????????????,??????????11????????,??????????,???????????????????????????2023??????????,?????,?????????????46.3????????

????????????66%

??

?????,????????1949?10.64%,1978?17.92%????????????,??????????????????????????,?????????????2023?????????,?9.3??????,??????????1978??7.6?????????;??66.16%,?????????????48.24?????

??????,??????,???????????????????,??????2023?????????,?????48.3%,?2015??????????8.4??????????????,???????,??????????,????2012??????????2.88:1???????????2023?????????2.39:1?2023?,??????????12.4:1,????2013???1.4?2023??460??????,?????????????99%??,???????????????14.4???

??????????3246???????????????????????6833?????????????

?

1949???,?????,????????,??,???????????2023????????????,??????3246????????????6833???,??1949??????????59??325?????????????;??????????????????????????????119????(????????????)?

?,??????,????????????,??????????,??2022???,????????4.46%,?????2013????????0.77?;????????2012?????????888????????2023??1622????????

??78.6???????

???????????

??????????????,????,??75??,??????????,????????,????????????????????2023??,???????????????????????107???????,???????????????????????1017??????,??1249????

?????????????,???????????????,?????????????,?????????2023??????,?????????13.34??,?????????????2018??????????95%???????????????????????????????2023??????????,???78.6?,???1949??????????43.6????????????,??????????????

???24.02%

????

20??????????50???,??????????????,?????????????????,??,???????“??????”???????????????????????????2022????????????,???9014???????????,??????????20?????????80??25?????????????30????;??????????????18%,??????

????????,“????”????????????24.02%?2023??,????????????(PM2.5)??????????2016???????????????????28.6%,?????????21.6????,?????????????????????????,????“??????????????????????????”?“?”,???????????(????????????) ?????:???