“????????”?? ??

????:?????:????????

????????

2024??9????19?????9?????????14???????,?59???????????????????????????????60??????????????????????,????????????,??

???????????????????????????1994????,“????”?????????????

??????

???59?????????????????????60?,?????????????????????????:?,?????????????

??,?????????????2020???6????????????23????????????????????,???????55?,???????????????????????????56??58?????????????????,??59?????????????60?????????????,?????????????????????????????,?????????????5???????????,?,????,???????,??

?,??“??????????”?????????????,?????3??????????:??????(GPS)????(GLONASS)????????(Galileo)??????????????GPS????????????,????????????,???????????????,??????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?,??,??,?????????

?20????????????,???????????,??????????????????????:2000????????,??????????????,???????????,??;2012????,?????????,?????????;2020??,?,??????????????

??

?????????,??????????

??:????????????????,??????????,???,????“??”?????????

???????????,?????????????3?,????????????????????,????????,?????????????

??????????:?A?5?????????????????????????A???5?????,???,????

????????????:????????????B?????12?????????????????????B???????????12??????,?A?,???????

?????????:?C????9????????,????????????????????????

?????????????,??????????“?,?????????”?????????????????,????A??10????,??80??????????????????????A?????????????70?,???70???????????????????????????????????(299792458?/?????????????),?“?????????A?????????????”????????20985472??????????????????????????????????

????????,??????????????,??????????,??????????????,????,????????

????????,????30??????????????????????,????????????????:????,?????????????????,?????,????(?????????),??????????????,?????????????????

??????????????????,??????,?4????,???????????????????????????????????GPS?????????????????“???????4????”“??????????6??????????”???????,????????????????????????4??????????????

3?????????????

???????4??????,????????????????????????????????,????,????????35?????????????59????????????????????????????60?,??????2007?4???????????,??,??????60???

???????????,??3???????????

???????(GEO)???????????????????????35786??????????,???,???????????,????????????GEO??????,??????????????????,3?GEO???????????????????????????????????????????????(2000?2007??),??????????????????

???????(IGSO)???????,??????,?????“8”,?????????????,GEO???????,?????,????IGSO????????????????????,????

??????????(MEO)????????????2??????????????,????????????????,24???55°?,?????????????????????3?????????,?????????,??????

???????4????3??28??????????????????,1???(???????????????56??)????????4???????????????(???????57-60??????)?????????

??“???”

?????,????????????????,????,????0.5???????????????,???550?????,??1??!?????,????????????????????,?????????????????????,???,????,????????????15??????????????????“550?????????1????”??,??????????????,?????????

???????????????????????????,???,?????????;??????????(???????),?????????,????????,????????????????,??????300????????????

??????????,???????????????????????????????????????,??,??????,??????????,???????????????,??????37???????????,??,????47??????????????????,????????????,??????????????????????????“?”,???????????

???????????,?????????,????,????????,?,???????????,????????

?????????????????,?????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????,??????????????????????

??

??,??????????????????????????,??????“?????????”,??“???”,???????“??????????????”“???”,???????

?????????????2008??????????,???????????????,??????????????,??????????????????????,????????,????????????,???????,?????????

2023?????????????11?????????,????«????»?????????????????10??????????????????????????????????(ICAO)?,????????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????????????????

?????????????????,??????????“????????”,???????,????,??????,??????,??????????????????????

?,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????,????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????,????????,“?????????????????2035?????????,????????????????????”

??????????59?????60?????????,?“?????????????”?????????,?????????????????,?????????????,??????(???)

????????????:???????????? ????:????????????