????:1????????????:??????????

2?????????

3?????

4?????????

5????????????

?????9???????????????????30?????????????????? ??:??????,???????“??????????????????”

???????

?? ??????

1949??10???1?????????????,???????????????????????????,????????????????

????????20????????????????1949?????????????????:?????????????

??????«1949?????????????????»,???????300??1949?????,???,?????????????75????????????????

«1949??»????? (??????????????)

1949????,?????????????“???????”??????????????????“?????????”????????????????,?????????

???????????????:????????????????????:??????????????,????????????“?”?????????????????:?????

????:

??:??????????????,????????

?????????:????????,???,??,?????????????

????(?)??????????????????????????,???????,????

????,????????,?????????????,??????????

?????,?,?????????????????????,???“????????????”???????????????

??????????“???”????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????,??????????,?????????????????

?????,?????,??????????“???”???????

?????????????????,????????????,??????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????

????????????,?«?»???????????,???????????????1?????????????,??????????????????????????1938???,????????????,??????

???:«1949??????????»?????75??????????,????

??:????????????????

?????,???????????????1949??????????????,????,??????????????????????????????????????,?,????,??

?????????????????,?????????????,????????????????????????,??????,??????

??????,????????,?????????“?????????”??????????,????????

?????????????,???????“????????? ??????”????????????????,??,????????????????????

1949?????????,???,?????????,???????

?,???????????????????????,????????????????11???,????,?????????

??«1949??»?????:1949?????10???????1??????????,?????????????,?????????????????, ????????????? (???)

?:1949?,??????

?????:«1949??»?????????,????????????????????????????????,????????????????1949???

1949?????????????1?22?,????????????????55????????«????????»,??????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????,??????????????????

1949??9?????,?????????????????????

???,?????,??????????????????1949??????????????????,“?????”?????????,??,?????«??????????»?????:“?????????????,????????????????????,??”

????????????????,???????????1948???????81?,????????????60???????,???????????????????,??

1949????????????10????1????,?????????????????????????????????????1949?,???12???????????,8?????,??????????????,??,?????????????

??????????:????1949?,???????“?????????”?

??????:???????????????????,?,??1789???????????,?«????????»??????????1776???,???????????1917????????

????????????,????????,????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????«??????????????»,??????????,?????????,???,??

??,“??????”?????????,???,??????????1949??????????????,????,?????,?????,??????????????????????????

1949????????????????????????,????????????

??1949?????4???,???,????????????,?????,??????????????????????,???????????,?????

??,???????????????????,?,????????????????????????????????????,???????????1949??????????,??(??)

????«1949??????????»????:1949??????????10?????????1?,???????????? ???? ????????????«1949???????????????????»???????????????:1949????????????10??1????,??????????? ??????????????? ?«1949?»???:1949????????12?????2?,???????????????(????????)??????????????? ????? ??«1949????»??:1949????12??,??????????«?????????????????????»???????? ??????????

???????????????:

???????????????? ???????????

??,?,???????,???????????????????????????????????????,???,??????«?????»«??»???

??????:?????????????????