?? ????????:????????
![](https://image.chezhanri.com/2019/0228/20190228163650496.jpg)
????:1?????95?:???????????
2??????400????
3??????????
4???????????
5???????
?????8?8?????? ????????:???????????????:????
? ????????
“??,???????????????,??,???????,???????????”?????????,?????????????
????????????140????????,???????????75????????????,???????????,??
?????,??????????????????????????,???????????????,??????,???????????,???“????????????????”??????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/ypt/2024/240808/0b2849f3-1f26-4a71-8fad-a4bffc93e0a1_zsite.jpg)
???????,????????????????,???????????????????????,??????????????????……
1884??????,????,????????????????????????????,????????????,????????????????????,????,???,???????????,????
??,???????????????1917????,??????????,???????,???????????????????????“???????”?????,???????????????,?????????
1945?????12???,?,????,???????????,???,?????????????1946??2????????,????,?“????????????????????”?1949????????10??,?????????????,???????????
1952??????????????????,???????????,??,?????????
“????????????,???????????????????,??????????????,?????”???????,?????????????????????,“???????‘????????????????????????????????????????????????????????’‘?????????????????????????????????????????????????’????,??,??????????”
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/ypt/2024/240808/80b6e808-081a-43d1-8ee7-b31d3023a240_zsite.jpg)
????????????,?,?????“??????????”??
??????????,???????????????,????????????,????????
“????????????????????????????,??,???????????,???,??????????????,??????????,???????,???????????????”?????????(?)
?????????????:??