?????75?????(????????)

????:???100??3????:??????????

???75?????75???????????????????,??????????????????,????????????????,??????????,???,???????????,????

???????????????,????????,?????????,2023?223?????????????????????GDP?????????89?????43.6????????????????????????……???75????,“???????????”?????????????????????75???????,??????????“?????????”???????????,????????????,?????

? ??

??????7.9%

????????

????????????,?????????????????,??????????????????,??,??1952???????????679??,???1978???????????3679??????????????;????????,???,1986????????????1??????????,2000??????????10??????????,2006??20?,?12????10????????????,2020?100???,2023???126?????????,???????????????????,2023?????????1952???223?????,??7.9%;???????,19792023???8.9%,?3.0%?????

?????????GDP???8.9?

??????????????

1952??????,???????????????????GDP????119??????????,?,??????????GDP??2019????,??GDP?70078?,?10158???,??????????????????????????1????????????;2023???????89358????????,????????????????1952????89?????,??????6.5%,?12681??,?????????3?????????????1.2?????????????????????,2023?????????????(GNI)??????????1.34???,??

?????????

?

???????,????,????????1952???,?????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%???????????????,?????????,?????

?????,?,???,??????,?????????????????????2023????????,???????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%???,??????????9???????1.3?,???????????????,?????????,????????????????????????????,????,?????“????????????+”??????

“???????????????????”??????????22.4?????????????

??

??????????????,?,?????????????????,???????,??????????

20132023??,??????8.7%?10.3%,?????,???????????????????5G??????????,“???????”?,????????????

??????????2023????????????,???421???????;??????,?????????

??????,???????????????????????,“????”?????2023??,?????????????“?????????”????????22.4??,?????????????GDP?17.73%?

?

????

1949???????????2.2??????????,?8.1???????????,????????75??????????????,????????????,??????????,????????????????????????????????,??????????????

2023??,????????15.9????????,?1949?????????6????,????4.5??,??2/3????;?544?????????,??66???????????????????,????????????18.4??,???;???????????12.8??????????,?74.1%;???876?????,2023??????????1.7?,???????????????2016??????????????????10???,????,????????????????????????????????????

????3.92????????????

?????????????????????

1949????????49.7?????????1978??,????????171??????????,??????????????????????????????151??,?????????,??,??,??????,??????????2023????????????????,????39218????????????,?1949????76?????,??6.0%;???????????????26796??????,???1956??36??????????????,???5.5%?

??,????????????????????,???????????2023?????,????????????29.8%,????????????1978??34.1????;?????45.2%,??????????2013???????5.5??????,??????????????????????????????,??????2023?,??????????49.7???????,??145.9?,????????2013?2.9?????2.1???

??????????????

????????????

???????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????

??,?????????????????????,??????????????,??,????,????????????????,???????????????????

2023?????????????,???10.66??????????????,?1989????????????10.09?;????????????2.44??3.02?????,???????????1994??1.64???????????2.84????????????????????????????,????????,????,???????????????

9899??????

??????????

???,?????????????????????????20?????5070?????????????,???????,?????????????????????,???????“???”???,????????????????????????????????,??

??????,??????????,???????????8?,??2020???9899???????,832?,12.8?,?,?????????????????????,??10???????«????????????????2030?»?????????,?????,???????????????????????

???60%

???

????,???????????????,??????????,??????????

2023????????????,?????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;????????????????????????????????????1.6????????????4542????????,?1949?????6.4??????????103???????????,????????????(OECD)??

?,??????????????,??????2023?,?60%,???????????;??????????1982??????????8????????????????????????11.05????,?????????????

?

?

1950??,??????11.3???,?????????1978??206?????????????????,??????????,2001?????????,??????,????????????

???????????,??????,??,??????????????????1978???????????????????1%??2023???12.4%,??7???????“????????”?????,???????????150?????????????30?????????230??????“??”????????,???25???200???????,???????“??????????”?

????????

?????????????

?,??????????????,??????????????,????????????????????,????????1999??????????,????????????????2012?????????????,?????????????,????????????????4.9,???1952???????????8.1?

??,????????????????????????????????????,???????????20132023??,?????????????6.9%?7.1%,???2023????????,?????????????46.7%?24.4%,?2012????2.9??0.9???????

???????????????????46.3????????????

?

????,?????????????????,?????????????????1956?????????“????????”?,????,???????,?,????????

??,????,??,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????“???????????????????????”,?????????????,??11??????????,?,??????????????????????2023?,?????????,??????????????46.3????????????????????????

?66%

???

?????,?????????????1949?????????10.64%,1978?????17.92%???,??????????????,???2023???????????,????????????9.3????,??1978???7.6????????;???????????66.16%,???????????????????48.24????????????????????????????

??,?,?????????,???????????????2023????,?48.3%,??????????2015???????????????8.4??????,??,??,?????2012???2.88:1?2023??????????????????2.39:1?2023??????????,??12.4:1,????2013???1.4?2023??????????460??????,??99%???,???????14.4?????

???3246????????????????????????????????????6833??????????

?????????

1949????????,????????????,???,????????????,??????????2023????,????3246????????????????6833??,???????1949???59???????????325??????????????;??????119???????(?????????)?

???????????????????????,??????????????????,?,?????????????????,??????2022????????????,??????????4.46%,?????2013????????????0.77??????????????????????????;????????2012????????????888?2023?????????1622?????????????

????????78.6?????????????????????

????

????,???????????,?????????????75??????,?,?,?????2023??,???107????,?????1017??????????,????????????1249??????????????

????,???????????????,?????????,????????????2023????????????,??13.34??,??????2018???????????????????95%?????????2023??????????????????,??????78.6????,??1949???43.6??,????????????????

?????????????24.02%

?????

20????????????50???,?,??????????????????,??,?“??????????”?????????2022???,??????9014???????,?????20??80?????????????25????????????????30????????????????????;???18%,??????????????

?????,“??????????”????24.02%?2023??????????,??(PM2.5)??2016????????28.6%,????21.6????????????????????????,??????????????,??????????????“??”??“??????????”,??(????????) ???:???????????