????75?????(?????????)

????:?????95?98??:?????????

??????75??????????75????,?????????,??????????????????,???,?,???????????????????,?????????????????

????????????,????,????????????????,2023??223?????????GDP????????????89????????????????43.6???????????????????????????????????????????……????????75?,“??”?75????,??“????????”?????????????,???????????,????????????

????????????? ????

????????7.9%

?????????

???????????,????????????,???????????,?,?????????????1952????????????????679??,??????????1978????????3679??;?????,???,1986????????????????????????1?,2000???????????????10???,2006???????20?????,???????12?????10?????,2020????????????100??????????????????,2023??????126????????,?????????????????????????,2023??????????1952?????????223??,?????????????7.9%;??,19792023???????8.9%,?????????????3.0%???????????????????????????

?????????????GDP??????????8.9?

??????????

1952???,??GDP??????????119?????????????????,?,???GDP??2019?,???????????????GDP????70078????????????,????????????10158???????,???????????1?????;2023?????????89358???,??????????1952??????????89???,???????6.5%,??????12681?????????,?????3??????????1.2????????????,2023???(GNI)?????????????1.34?????????,???

?????????

???

??,?????????????,???????????????????????????????1952????,?????????????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%????????????,??????????????????,???????

???????????,???,?????,?,??2023?,??????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%?????????,??????????9??????1.3??,???????????????????????,???,??????????????????????????????????,??,??“????????+”??

“?”??????????22.4?????????????

???????

?????????,????????,????,??,?????

20132023???????????????????,?????????????????????8.7%?10.3%,????????,????????????????????5G?????????,“????????????”?????????,??????????????????????????????

????2023??????????????????,?????????????421????????????????;???????,??????

?????,??????????,“?????????”??????????????2023????????????????,????????“?”????????????????????22.4??????,?GDP??17.73%?

??????????????

??

1949??2.2????????????,?????8.1?????????????????????,????????????75??????????,??????,????????????,???????????????,?????????

2023????????????????,??????????????????????????????15.9????????????????,?????1949????6???????,????????4.5?,??2/3????????;???????544????????????,???66??????????????????????????????,?????18.4??,??;?12.8???????,??????????74.1%;?876?????????????,2023??????????1.7???????,???2016?????10?????????????,????????????,??????????????????????

??????3.92????????????????

?????????????

1949????????49.7??????????1978???????????????,??????????????171????????????,??151???????,????????????????,??,????,??????????,???2023?,???????39218??,?????????1949??????76???,??6.0%;??26796???????????,??1956??????????36???,????5.5%?

???,????????????????????????????,?????????2023????????,????29.8%,??????1978???????????34.1??????????????????????????????;?45.2%,??2013?????5.5?????????????????????,???,?????????????????2023?????,????????????49.7??,????????????145.9????????,?????2013??????2.9???????2.1???

????

?

??????????,??????????????????????????????,???????????

?,???????????????,??????????,??????????????????????,??????????,??,???

2023?????????,??10.66????????,???1989????10.09????;????????????2.44???????????3.02????????????,???????1994??????????1.64????????2.84????????,???,????????,?????????????

9899???

?????????

?????????,???????????????????????????????????20???????????????????5070??????????,???????????????????????,??????????????????,???????“???????????????”??????,??????????????????????????????????,?????

?,??,???????????8?????????,??????????2020????9899?,832?,12.8?,???????????,???????????,???????????????10???????????????????????«???????????????????2030????»?????????????,??????????,??

?????????60%

????????

???,?????,?????????,?????

2023?,???????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;????????????????????1.6???4542?????,?1949??????6.4????????????????????????103???,??????????????????(OECD)??

?,???????????,?????????????2023???,??????????60%,?????????????????;?1982???????????8????11.05???????,?????????????

?????

?

1950?????????,??????????11.3????????,??????1978???????????206????????????????????????,??,2001?,????????,?????

???,?,????????????,???????????????????1978????????1%??????????????2023???????????12.4%,??????????????7????????????????“?????”??????????,??150????30????????????230????????“?????”???,????????????25????200????,??????“??????????????????????????”?

???

??????????

???,??,?????????????,??????????,?????????1999??,??????????????????????2012??,?????,?4.9,???????1952???????????8.1?

??,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???20132023??,??????????6.9%?7.1%,???2023??????,?????????????46.7%?24.4%,????2012??????????????2.9???0.9??

???????46.3?

???

??????????,?,???1956?“??”?????,??????????????,?????????,???,????

????????????,?,????????,?????????????????????????????,?????????“??”,???????????,??????????????11??????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????2023??????????,?????,???????????46.3??

??????????66%

?????????

??????????????,?????1949?10.64%,1978??????17.92%??,?????????????????,????2023???????,??????????????9.3?,????1978??????????7.6?????????????????????;?66.16%,???48.24????????????

???,???????????,????,???2023?,??48.3%,?????????2015?8.4?????????,????,?????,???????2012???2.88:1??????????????2023?????2.39:1?2023????,???????????????????12.4:1,????????2013???????????1.4?2023??????????460?,??99%?????????,?14.4???????????

????3246????????????6833??????????

???????????

1949?,?????,?,?????,?????????????2023?????????????????,?3246???????????????????6833??????????,???1949?59????????????????325?????????;?119??(??)?

???,?,??????????,???,???2022??????????????,??????4.46%,??????????2013??0.77????;?????2012???????????888??2023??????????1622??

???78.6??

?

??????????????????????????,???,???????????????75??????????,????,?????????,?????????2023??????????,??????????????107???,??????????1017????????????,?????????1249???????????

????,???????????????????,??,??????2023????,??13.34??,????????????2018???95%??????????2023?,??78.6??,??????1949???????43.6??????????????????,????????????????????

?24.02%

?????????????

20????????50??,????,???,????,???“???????????”???????????2022???????????????,??9014???????????????????????????,?????20???80?????????25??30??????;????18%,?????????

??????????,“?”?????????????????????????24.02%?2023???,?????????????(PM2.5)????2016?28.6%,????????21.6?????????????,??????????????????????????,?“????????”?“?”,??????????(??????) ???:????????