????75?????(?????????)

????:?????????????:????????

???????75???75????,?????,???????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????,?,?????,??????

?,????,??????????????????,2023?223??????GDP????89???????????????????????????????43.6????????????……???75???,“???????????”???????75?,??????????“??????”????????????,?????,??????????????

????? ?????????

?7.9%

????

??????,????????,???????????,????????????,???????????1952?679????????,??????????1978??????????3679????????????????????????;??????????????,????,1986???1??,2000??????????10????????????,2006??????20?????????,??12???????????????????10?,2020???????100???,2023?126?,??????????????????????,2023??1952?223??,????????7.9%;?????????????,19792023?????????????8.9%,???3.0%?????

????????GDP???????????8.9????????????

???????

1952????????????,?????????GDP??119?????????????????,?,????GDP??????????????2019?????????,???????GDP?????????????70078??,?10158????????????,???????1????????????;2023?????89358??,???1952???????????????????89?,????????????????????6.5%,????????12681??????????,????????3???????????1.2????????????,2023????(GNI)??1.34???????????????????????????,????

??????

??

?????????????,?,?????????????????1952??????????,???????????????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%???????????????,?????????????,???????????????????????????????

?????,?????????,?????????,?,?????2023??,??????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%????????????,??????9??1.3???????????????,???,??,??????????????????????????????????????????,?,?“?+”??????

“??”??22.4?

????????????????

???????????,???????????,?????,?????,?????????????????????

20132023?,???????????8.7%?10.3%,??,?????????????????5G???,“???????”??????????????????????,???????????

??2023???????????,?????421???????????????;?,??????????????

?????????????????????????????,???????????????,“??????????”?????2023?????,?????????“??????????”?????????22.4???,??GDP?????????????17.73%?

??

????????

1949??2.2???,???????8.1?,??????????????75?????????????,?????,??????,?????????????,???????????????

2023???????????,??15.9?????????,??????????????1949?6????,??????????4.5???,??????????????2/3?????????????;?544??,??66??,??????????????????????????????18.4???,??;?????????????????????12.8?????,????74.1%;????????876?????????,2023???1.7???,??????????????????2016???10?,?????,????????????????????????????????

?????????????3.92????

????????????????

1949????????49.7???????1978?,?????????171?????????,??151????????,???????????,??????,???,????????????,????2023?????????????,??????????????39218?,??1949???????????????????76????????????,??6.0%;?26796?,???????????????????????1956??????36???,????????????5.5%?

????????,???????????????,????????????????????2023?????,??????29.8%,?????????????1978??????????34.1??;????????????45.2%,????????2013???????????????5.5?????????????,????????,???????2023??????????????????,???49.7??????????????,?145.9??????????,??2013??2.9???2.1?????????????

?

???

??,?????????,??????

????,??????????????????,????????????????????????,??,?????,?????????,???

2023????,?????10.66????,????1989?????10.09?;??????????????????????2.44????????3.02??,??1994?1.64?????2.84??????,???????????,?????,???

9899?????????

?????

?,???????????20?5070???????????????,???,?????,?“???”?,????????????????????,?????

??,???,??????????????????????8?,??????????2020????9899?????????,832????????,12.8??,????????,?????????????????,???????10????????????«???2030???????»??????????,???,??

??????????60%

????????

???,???????????????????,??????????,?????

2023??,???????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;???????????????????1.6?????4542?????????,??????????1949????????????6.4????????????????103??????????????????????????,?????(OECD)??????

??????,?????????????????????,????2023??,???60%,?????????????;??????????1982??8????11.05??,???????????????????????

????

??

1950???????,?11.3??????????,????????1978???206?????????????,???????,2001????????????,??????????????,????????

????????,???????????????????,???????,?????????????????????????1978???????????1%??????????2023????????????????12.4%,??7??????????????????????“???????????????????”??????????????,?????????????150??????????????????30???????????230???“??”?,????25?????????200??????????????????,?“??????????”?

???

???????????????????????

????????,??????????,????????,???????????????????,???1999??,???????????????????2012?????????????????,?,???4.9,??????????1952?8.1?

?,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,???20132023????,??????????????????????6.9%?7.1%,???????????2023?,???????????46.7%?24.4%,??????????????2012?2.9?????????0.9????

??46.3???????

??????

???????,??????????,??????????1956??????????“???????????”??????????,????????????????????????????????,?????,?????????,?????

??,??????,?????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????“????”,?????????????????,???????????11???,??????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????2023???????????????,??????????,?????46.3????????

?66%

??????????????

?????????,???????1949??????????10.64%,1978??????????????17.92%????,?????????????????????????????,???????????2023????,??9.3???,?????????1978???????????7.6?;?66.16%,????????48.24?????????????

??,????????????,?????????,???????????????????????????2023?????????????,?????????48.3%,???????????2015?????8.4??????????????????????,?????????????,????????????????????,?????????2012????2.88:1??2023?????????2.39:1?2023????????,????????????12.4:1,???????????????2013?????????????1.4?2023?460?????????,????????99%????,?14.4???????????

??????3246???????????6833?

????????????

1949??????????????,??????????????????????????,????????,??????????????????????????????,???2023???????,??3246????6833??,????1949???????????????????????59??????????325?????????;???119??????(??????????????????????????)?

??????????,?????????,????,?,??2022???,?4.46%,???2013????????0.77????;????????????2012?888????????????2023????1622????

???????????78.6????

???????

?,??????,???75???????????????,?,??,???2023??????????,??107??????,??????1017???????????,?????????????1249???

??????????,?,??????????????,??2023?????????,???????13.34?????,?????????2018????????95%????2023???,??78.6?,?1949?43.6??????????,????

???24.02%

?

20?50?????????????,?,??????????,????????,??????????“????”?????2022??,????9014????????????,????20???????????????????80????25??????????30??;???????????18%,??????????????????????????????

???,“?”?????????????24.02%?2023??,?(PM2.5)???????????2016?????????28.6%,???????????21.6???????,??????????????????????????,?????“?”????????“????????”,??(?????????) ????????:??