????75?????(?????????)

????:??????:????????

????????????????????????75???????????75??????,??????????,???????????????????,?????????,???,???????????????,??

????,???????????????????,????,2023???223??????????????GDP???89????43.6???????????……??????????????75???,“?????????????????????”???????75????,??????“????”?,???????,???????????????

?? ??????????

??????????7.9%

????????????

?????,?????????????,????????????,?,???????1952??????????????679????????,????????1978??????????????3679???;???????????,???????????,1986?1?????,2000????10?????????,2006???????20???????????????????,??????????12?10???????????????????,2020???100??,2023???????????????126????????,????,2023???1952??????????????????????????????223?????????,???????????7.9%;????????,19792023??8.9%,??3.0%???????????

?GDP???????????8.9??????????????????????????????

????????

1952??????????,?????????????GDP?119????????????,???????????????,?????????GDP?????2019??????????????????,????????GDP??70078??,?????????10158????,??????????1??;2023???????????89358????????????,??1952???89??,???????6.5%,??12681?????????????,???????????????????????3??1.2???????,2023?(GNI)?1.34??,??????

??????????

????????????

??,?????????,????1952??????????,??????????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%???????????????????,?????????????????????,???

??????????????,??,??,?,???2023??????????????????????????????,??????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%????,????????9??1.3??????????????????,?????????????,????????????,???????????????????????????????????,??,?????????????????????????????“????+”??

“????”????????22.4?????????

???

???,??,??????,?,??????????

20132023??????,???????????????8.7%?10.3%,????????????????,?????????????????5G?,“????????”??,???????????????

????????2023?,????????421????????????????????????????;?,??????????????

?????????????,?????????????????????????,“??????????????????????????”???2023????,?????????“?????????”???????22.4??????????,????GDP??????17.73%?

???????

?

1949?????????????2.2??????????????,???8.1?????????,????????????????????75???????,??,????????????????,?????????????????,??????????????

2023????????????,?????????????????15.9??,??????????1949??????????6??,??4.5???????????????????????,??????????????????????????2/3??????????????;???544?????????????,??66?,???18.4??????????,?????;???12.8?????,??74.1%;???????????????????????876??????????,2023??1.7??????????????????,?????????????2016???10???????????,?????????,???????????????????

?3.92????

?????????

1949??49.7???????1978???,?????171????????,????????????151??????????,?????????????????????????,???????????????????????????,????,??????????????,??2023???????????????,??39218?????,????????1949?76??????????,?6.0%;????????26796?,??????????????1956?36?????,?5.5%?

????????,???????????,?????????????2023??????,??????????29.8%,?????????????????????1978???34.1??;????????45.2%,??2013?5.5????,????????,??????????2023????,??????????49.7??????????,????????145.9?????,????2013???????2.9????????2.1??????????????????

???????????

?

??,?????????????????????,???????????????????

?,?????????????,????????,??,??,????????????????????,??????????

2023?????,?????10.66??????,?????1989???????10.09???????????;??????2.44????????3.02????,???????????????1994??1.64???????????2.84??????,??????,???????,??

9899???

?

?,?????????????20?????????????5070??,????????????,????????,???“??”??,????????????????????????????????????,????

??????????,???????,?????8??????????,????2020?????9899????,832?????,12.8?????,??,?????,????????10????«??2030??»?????????,??????????,?????

?????????60%

????????

??,??????????????,?????????,???????????

2023?,????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;???????????????1.6??4542????,????1949?????6.4???103?,???????(OECD)?????????????

?,???????,??2023???????????????????,????60%,??????????????;????1982????????????8????11.05???????????,?????????????????????????????

?????????

??????

1950?,???11.3?????????????,??????????1978??206?????????????????,??????????,2001???????????????????,???????????????????,????

?,?,?,????????????????1978?????1%????????????2023???12.4%,?????????????7??????????????????????“???????”??,?150??????????30??230?“???????”??????,????????25?????200?????????,??????????“???????????”?

????

???????

??????,????????????,???????????????????????,????????,???1999??????????,??????????????????????????????2012???????????????,???,????????????4.9,??1952?8.1?

??????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????20132023??????????,???????????6.9%?7.1%,???????2023????,?????46.7%?24.4%,???????????????????2012?2.9?????????????0.9?????

??????????????????46.3???????

?????

??,???,???????1956?????????“???”???????,??????????????????????????????????,????,?,??

??,??????????,????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????“???”,?????????????????????,???11????????,??????????????????????,??????????????????2023????????????,????,?46.3???

????????????????66%

????????????

??????????,???1949????10.64%,1978????????17.92%???????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,??????????2023?,??????????9.3???????????,????1978???????????7.6?????????;?66.16%,???????????????????48.24??????????

???????????,??,????????????,???2023??,?48.3%,????2015????????????????8.4?????,?????????????,?????????,???????????????2012?????2.88:1???2023?????2.39:1?2023??????????,?????12.4:1,????????????2013?????????????1.4?2023?460????????????????,?99%?,?????????14.4???

?3246????6833??????????

?

1949???,????,????????????,?????????,??2023?,????3246?????????????????6833?????????????,?1949???????????59??325????;??????????????119???????????????(???????????)?

????????????,??????????,??????,?????????????,?????????????2022????,???????????????????????4.46%,?????2013?????0.77????;?2012???????????????888??2023?1622????????

???????78.6?

????????

???????????,???????????,????????75??,???????????,????,??2023????,?107?,????????????????????1017?????,??1249??????????????

??,??????,???,???2023????????,?????????13.34??????????????,?????????2018?????95%????????2023?,????????78.6???,??????????1949????????????????43.6??????,?????

??????????24.02%

??????????????

20??????????????50????????????,????????,????????????????????????,????,????????????“???????????”???2022???,?????????????9014?,??20?????????80?25????????????30???;??????????18%,?????????

?????????????????,“??????”???????????????????????24.02%?2023????,???(PM2.5)??????????2016?????????28.6%,???????21.6???????????????,???????????,??“?????????”?“????????”,???????(??????) ??:???????